Original Research
Nader Seyed Kalali; Mansoor Momeni; Elham Heydari
Volume 2, Issue 8 , August 2015, Pages 801-809
Abstract
Strategic thinking is one of the most important capabilities which managers of today’s organizations must possess. Holding companies, due to the kind of problems that they experience, are in serious need of managers capable of strategic thinking. The present research has been conducted with the ...
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Strategic thinking is one of the most important capabilities which managers of today’s organizations must possess. Holding companies, due to the kind of problems that they experience, are in serious need of managers capable of strategic thinking. The present research has been conducted with the aim of identifying the individual dimensions of strategic thinking in holding companies’ managers in Iran. In this regard, a number of managers who have had the experience of being members of the board of directors or working as CEOs of these firms have been asked to express their opinions about strategic thinking and their views have been analyzed using fuzzy cognitive maps. Results suggest that having vision, ability to analyze, having systems thinking, ability to question, creativity, ability to make synergy and ability to create advantage are the main elements of strategic thinking in successful managers of holding companies. In addition, the relationships among these variables have been explained.
Original Research
Viktorija Grigaliūnaitė; Lina Pilelienė
Volume 2, Issue 8 , August 2015, Pages 810-822
Abstract
This article contributes to the revelation of a relevant and complex problem of the selection of advertising spokesperson while answering the research question, which lays a foundation of the scientific problem: how to choose a spokesperson for advertising to be effective? Accordingly, the aim of the ...
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This article contributes to the revelation of a relevant and complex problem of the selection of advertising spokesperson while answering the research question, which lays a foundation of the scientific problem: how to choose a spokesperson for advertising to be effective? Accordingly, the aim of the article is to determine the impact of spokesperson on advertising effectiveness. Grounded on the theoretical framework, three different theoretical models representing the research hypotheses are analyzed in the article by applying PLS-SEM and PLS path modelling multi-group analysis. The analysis of the research results led to the elaboration of general model of the impact of spokesperson on advertising effectiveness, revealing that consumers’ attitude towards spokesperson that they are exposed to have an influence over their attitude towards advertisement, brand and purchase intention. Nevertheless, it is proved that different advertising spokespersons have different influence on advertising effectiveness. The conclusions are made that if seeking advertising effectiveness expressed as enhanced level of consumers’ purchase intentions, then the choice of celebrity spokesperson highly improves the possibility of creating effective advertising.
Original Research
Maryam Sarikhani Khorrami; Mohammad Rahim Esfidani; Sajad Delavari
Volume 2, Issue 8 , August 2015, Pages 823-837
Abstract
The aim of this study is to identify the effect of situational factors on impulse buying and compulsive buying. For achieving the goal, through a review of past studies, factors that were involved in this issue, were identified. Time pressure, available money, variety of selection, store environment, ...
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The aim of this study is to identify the effect of situational factors on impulse buying and compulsive buying. For achieving the goal, through a review of past studies, factors that were involved in this issue, were identified. Time pressure, available money, variety of selection, store environment, word of mouth, social norm, impulse buying and compulsive buying are variables that designed our model. The present study is a quantitative research with descriptive approach, where required data were gathered through questionnaires. Iranian purchasers who purchase clothing were selected as the research population. Data was analysed using LISREL Software. The results of the research show that available money and word of mouth have significant effect on impulse buying and impulse buying has significant effect on compulsive buying. Also it was found that variables of time pressure, variety of selection, store environment, and social norm have no significant effect on impulse buying.
Original Research
Maryam Nooradi; Tooraj Sadeghi
Volume 2, Issue 8 , August 2015, Pages 838-845
Abstract
Various internal and external factors have influence on the consumers’ behavior among which personality and demographic characteristics fall into the first category. Classification of consumers based on common personality traits is one of the methods used in marketing. The current research aimed ...
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Various internal and external factors have influence on the consumers’ behavior among which personality and demographic characteristics fall into the first category. Classification of consumers based on common personality traits is one of the methods used in marketing. The current research aimed to investigate the relationship of personality traits and demographic characteristics with the performance of Samsung mobile phone brand at mobile phone market in Mashhad. To do so, 384 of those customers who were in market were sampled. NEO five-factor inquiry about personality traits will be the technique of information-gathering. In order to analyze the research data using SPSS statistic program, indices and statistic tests in terms of mean, standard deviation and Pierson’s correlation coefficient were used. Findings resulted from the correlation test proved that there is a positive correlation between brand performance and personality traits such as extraversion and conscientiousness and between brand performance and level of income, as well.
Case Study
Fariba Bagherinia; Hassan Bagherinia; Seyed Rahim Mosavi
Volume 2, Issue 8 , August 2015, Pages 846-857
Abstract
Unemployment of university graduates is one of the critical problems of the society. The unemployed university graduate does not have the opportunity to use what they have learned and have no way to enter thework market. This indicates necessity of more coordination between higher education system and ...
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Unemployment of university graduates is one of the critical problems of the society. The unemployed university graduate does not have the opportunity to use what they have learned and have no way to enter thework market. This indicates necessity of more coordination between higher education system and the industry and between the graduate’s capabilities and the industries’ need for work force. Through this, the limited resources available to higher education system is utilized in a more optimal manner. The present study is an attempt to assess the student’s attitude toward entrepreneurship in light of higher education curriculum. To this end, Esfarayen University of technology was studied as case study. Data gathering tool was attitude toward entrepreneurship questionnaire. As revealed by the results, the students tended to have neutral attitude toward business and there was no significant difference between students of different fields in this regard. However, boys and girls had significant difference as to their attitude toward business. With these results, the targets of the 20 years outlook to support entrepreneurship in higher education are not going to be met. To make the higher education curriculum more responsive to variety of challenges and needs it is notable that entrepreneurship training and empowerment through the curriculum must be taken as a new necessity by curriculum planners of Iran’s higher education system.
Original Research
Oyeniran Ishola Wasiu; Babatunde Kazeem Alasinrin
Volume 2, Issue 8 , August 2015, Pages 858-871
Abstract
This study investigates the presence of environmental Kuznets curve (non-linear relationship between pollution and the per capita income) in Nigeria, Ghana, Cote d’Ivoire, Mali and Senegal and Gabon. In the study, pollution is regressed on per capita income, squared per capita income, trade intensity, ...
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This study investigates the presence of environmental Kuznets curve (non-linear relationship between pollution and the per capita income) in Nigeria, Ghana, Cote d’Ivoire, Mali and Senegal and Gabon. In the study, pollution is regressed on per capita income, squared per capita income, trade intensity, foreign direct investment and population density price. Panel estimation technique and ordinary least square were used to obtain required estimates for all selected countries and individual economies. The study established the presence of environmental Kuznets curve for these countries at group and individual level. It also revealed that the value of turning point in pollution level corresponding to per capita income is varying among countries. From the result, the threshold GDP per capita (constant 2005 US$) is approximately $758 for Nigeria, $7060 for Gabon, $585 for Ghana, $1014 for Cote d’Ivoire, $390 for Mali and $675 for Senegal. The declining trend of pollution with regards per capita income could be attributed to introduction of environmental friendly products, structural changes in the industrial sector of these countries that involve more output per primary resources.
Original Research
Grace Wambui Kiboro; Evanson Mwangi Karanja
Volume 2, Issue 8 , August 2015, Pages 872-881
Abstract
Consumer behavior is a key determinant on the success of products and services in the competitive markets. Electronic commerce has revolutionalised customer value delivery. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of consumer behavior on adoption of electronic commerce in retail stores ...
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Consumer behavior is a key determinant on the success of products and services in the competitive markets. Electronic commerce has revolutionalised customer value delivery. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of consumer behavior on adoption of electronic commerce in retail stores with a case reference of three supermarkets in Limuru town, Kenya. More specifically to determine effect of problem recognition, the influence of information search and evaluation, outcome of purchasing decision and result of post purchase behavior by the consumer on adoption of e-commerce. Census data was collected from 115 employees. Regression analysis and F tests were carried out on data to determine the relationship between causative and effect factors. The empirical results showed consumer behavior influences electronic commerce adoption in emerging markets.
Original Research
Muhammad Fitri Rahmadana; Marlon Naibaho
Volume 2, Issue 8 , August 2015, Pages 882-890
Abstract
This research reviewed interdependence analysis on government income and expenditure in Indonesia, where the problem shown up here was government expenditure was always bigger than government income, though in particular years the income was bigger than government expenditure. This research aimed to ...
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This research reviewed interdependence analysis on government income and expenditure in Indonesia, where the problem shown up here was government expenditure was always bigger than government income, though in particular years the income was bigger than government expenditure. This research aimed to view the pattern or a certain causality direction between government income and expenditure; the variables that would be tested were government income and expenditure. The data used was the time series data in the period of 1988 – 2011; the data source was obtained from Statistics Central Bureau of Indonesia. The method used was Granger Causality. The research result showed that government income and government expenditure was not stationary on its base data but on the first derivative. Between government income and expenditure had unidirectional causality, which was both of those variables, got a long-term correlation and both had a quick adaptation for that. Government expenditure would be able to effect government income five years after government expenditure was allocated.
Original Research
Mahmood Yahyazadehfar; Hooman Shababi; Seyedeh Samira Hosseini
Volume 2, Issue 8 , August 2015, Pages 891-901
Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between ownership concentration and auditing fees of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. The level and nature of external audit fees requested by organizations, depends on three descriptive elements such as the firm size, complexity of operations and audit ...
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This study investigates the relationship between ownership concentration and auditing fees of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. The level and nature of external audit fees requested by organizations, depends on three descriptive elements such as the firm size, complexity of operations and audit risk. Researches indicated that ownership structure of company as one of the key components of corporate governance can impact on audit fees through impacting on these three descriptive elements. Since every classes of investors have different goals and motivations for their investment; in this investigation, the Ownership concentration, as two effective group of shareholders in ownership structure, was investigated from the two aspects of Institutional and managerial; and 114 listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange in a period of 2007-2012 years were chosen as a sample. This study is descriptive correlation based on panel data analyzing, the results showed that the negative relation between institutional ownership concentration factor with the audit fee and a negative relation between concentration factor in the company's board of directors and the auditing fee is accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange.
Original Research
Javad Zahedi; Elahe Talebi; Shadi Laal Aval
Volume 2, Issue 8 , August 2015, Pages 902-912
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to explore the relationship between ownership concentration and firm value in the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). The previous research indicates that ownership structure as an external corporate governance mechanism can influence firm value. In this study, the effect of ...
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The purpose of the study is to explore the relationship between ownership concentration and firm value in the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). The previous research indicates that ownership structure as an external corporate governance mechanism can influence firm value. In this study, the effect of the type of ownership on company assessment is examined along with level of cash holding. It is expected that firm value will increase as management ownership increases by reducing cash holdings. We also predict firm value is lower in companies with high cash holding and having ownership concentration. In the study, using financial statement information of companies listed on the TSE from 2004 to 2013, the relationship of this subject is addressed. The results of regression analysis in support of the hypothesis indicate firm value declines as ownership concentration increases when company’s cash holding mounts. On the whole, the results of the study shows that level of cash holdings which goes hand in hand with level of ownership concentration can reduce firm value.
Case Study
Ng Ju Hung; Rashad Yazdanifard
Volume 2, Issue 8 , August 2015, Pages 913-924
Abstract
As the amount of accidents on the road increases in tandem with the increase in the amount of cars on the road every year, vehicle safety aspect now plays the primary role which influences consumer choice when making a new vehicle purchase. In one of the research quoted by Koppel et.al, (2008), the most ...
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As the amount of accidents on the road increases in tandem with the increase in the amount of cars on the road every year, vehicle safety aspect now plays the primary role which influences consumer choice when making a new vehicle purchase. In one of the research quoted by Koppel et.al, (2008), the most important aspect which influences a consumer's choice of vehicle was safety. The aim of this study is to fine out: 1) describe the thoughts of Malaysian consumers about the safety level of their vehicle, 2) describe the type of vehicle safety system consumers are putting an emphasize on, and 3) describe what are the top three advanced vehicle safety system preferred in their cars.
Original Research
Sahebali Akbari; Vahid Sadeghi Rad; Hamid Sadeghi Rad
Volume 2, Issue 8 , August 2015, Pages 925-934
Abstract
Since Islam never left humans without guidance in any aspects of life, a reasonable expectation is that Islam has issued guidelines on economy in order to enhance life. Unfortunately, religion was on the margin before the Islamic revolution and extracting economic affairs from the religion was impossible ...
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Since Islam never left humans without guidance in any aspects of life, a reasonable expectation is that Islam has issued guidelines on economy in order to enhance life. Unfortunately, religion was on the margin before the Islamic revolution and extracting economic affairs from the religion was impossible and impractical. But after the revolution a situation was rectified whereby economic-Islamic affairs and consequently Islamic contracts in banking system gradually drew attention. In the process of agency, providers of goods or services for banks or credit institutions (as the agent) receive cash and the discounts through invoices and solve their liquidity problems. The purchasers for goods or services obtain their needed products; the agents receive the amounts of invoices from the purchasers on the due date and make profit. Accordingly, agency is defined as ‘selling the receivables accounts or (receivable documents) to agent companies in order to provide cash and reduce credit risk’. This article examines the principles of agency concerning Islamic contracts intending to fulfill the financing purposes of the country.
Case Study
Ali Nakhchian; Hamid Abadi; Mahdi Rafiee
Volume 2, Issue 8 , August 2015, Pages 935-944
Abstract
One of the main tools to extend and make deeper the capital market is promoting the level of market analysis. Without extensive and comprehensive research and analysis on the capital markets, we cannot expect to grow capital market's position in the national economy. A brief review of developments in ...
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One of the main tools to extend and make deeper the capital market is promoting the level of market analysis. Without extensive and comprehensive research and analysis on the capital markets, we cannot expect to grow capital market's position in the national economy. A brief review of developments in stock companies, as a key element of the market capitalization of the economy, indicates that gap analysis has been existed on this market. But promising steps have been taken towards the use of standard indicators and methodologies for analyzing our capital markets through recent years. However, it is still common that we are far from the analyzing the capital market and we have lots of works to do on this field. In this study we investigated the relationship between conservatism and some characteristics of the board of directors (as the main strategy of the company) in order to motivate and increase the level of investments. To achieve this goal, 53 companies which are the subcategories of Mofid brokerage firm were selected for a period of 6 years (from 1385 to 1391).
