Economics
Sahar Qaiser
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the long run relationship of Industrialization and Economic Growth in Pakistan. The time series data from 1976-2015 is used. The main source of data is World Development Indicator (WDI). Gross Domestic Product is used as dependent variable, while Industrial ...
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the long run relationship of Industrialization and Economic Growth in Pakistan. The time series data from 1976-2015 is used. The main source of data is World Development Indicator (WDI). Gross Domestic Product is used as dependent variable, while Industrial Output, Foreign Direct Investment, Saving and Inflation are used as the independent variables. The ARDL testing Approach has been applied on the data. After it, the stability of the function was tested by CUSUM. The results of ARDL bound testing reveals the long run association between industrial output and GDP. This study shows that an increase in Industrial Output increases the Gross Domestic Product in Pakistan. In the end, the stability of results is confirmed by CUSUM test.
Erlin Sulistyorini; Agnes Quartina Pudjiastuti; Budi Prihatminingtyas
Volume 6, Issue 9 , September 2019, , Pages 696-708
Abstract
Milk that is produced by dairy cows was currently not able to meet the needs of Indonesian, so it is necessary to develop small-scale dairy cattle business. This study aims to analyze feasibility and sensitivity of dairy cattle business development in the District of Pujon, Malang Regency. Research location ...
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Milk that is produced by dairy cows was currently not able to meet the needs of Indonesian, so it is necessary to develop small-scale dairy cattle business. This study aims to analyze feasibility and sensitivity of dairy cattle business development in the District of Pujon, Malang Regency. Research location was determined by purposively under consideration that this area was a center of dairy cattle business. Business feasibility was measured by commonly used parameters and sensitivity to changes in milk prices and feed prices. The results showed that dairy cattle business in the District of Pujon Malang Regency was profitable in terms of financial aspects so it was feasible to be developed. Sensitivity analysis shows that the dairy cattle business is still feasible to be developed even though feed price increases by 5% and milk price decreases by 5%.
Mohammad Hassani; Narges Nabizadeh
Volume 4, Issue 7 , July 2017, , Pages 702-719
Abstract
This research investigated the effect of capital gains and stock liquidity on stock expected return. The stock expected return is measured based on capital assets pricing model. Stock liquidity is measured by stock trading turn over and capital gain is measured by the return made through the changes ...
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This research investigated the effect of capital gains and stock liquidity on stock expected return. The stock expected return is measured based on capital assets pricing model. Stock liquidity is measured by stock trading turn over and capital gain is measured by the return made through the changes in stock prices. In order to control other factors that may have an effect on stock expected return, some variables like market to book ratio, size, dividend payout ratio, leverage and profitability have been studied. Research hypotheses tested using regression model based on pooled data. Research sample includes 172 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange over the period 2010 – 2014. Results showed that there is not any significant relationship between capital gains and stock expected return. But the results found that stock liquidity has a significant and positive effect on stock expected return. In fact, stock expected return is a direct function of changes in stock liquidity.
Muhammad Amjed Iqbal; Qing Ping; Umar Ijaz Ahmed; Adnan Nazir
Volume 2, Issue 7 , July 2015, , Pages 707-718
Abstract
The study was conducted to determine the aspect affecting the farmer in taking part in off-farm activities in three cotton growing districts of Punjab province, Pakistan. Since off-farm activities have become an imperative part of income strategies among rural families in developing countries like Pakistan. ...
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The study was conducted to determine the aspect affecting the farmer in taking part in off-farm activities in three cotton growing districts of Punjab province, Pakistan. Since off-farm activities have become an imperative part of income strategies among rural families in developing countries like Pakistan. The data was documented from a total of 180 cotton farmers using multistage cluster sampling technique. A binary logistic model was used to evaluate the determinants motivating the farmers to participate in different off-farm activities. Various socio-economic factors were found significantly associated with probability of immersion in non-farm activities. The results of the model reveal different factors like total farming area and farmers having access to road were significant for several business activities through odds ratio 1.051 and 0.088 respectively. Though more experienced farmers with odds ratio (1.063) had more likelihood for labour activities. Lastly more educated farmers and large family size have higher probability to go for services type of off-farm activities and their odds ratio estimated is 1.297, 2.069. These findings have essential implications for policy, economic growth and development.
Accounting
Md. Tahidur Rahman; Syed Zabid Hossain; Md. Anwarul Haque; Md. Abu Hanif Ashik
Abstract
This study intended to explore the IPO motives and the factors that contributed to IPO oversubscription in Bangladesh. Based on hand-collected data from 101 sample IPO prospectus during 2010–19, the study found an average of 10 IPOs per year, mostly (90%) through the fixed-price method. Among the ...
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This study intended to explore the IPO motives and the factors that contributed to IPO oversubscription in Bangladesh. Based on hand-collected data from 101 sample IPO prospectus during 2010–19, the study found an average of 10 IPOs per year, mostly (90%) through the fixed-price method. Among the sample companies, 34.7% were in the textile sector, followed by 17.8% in the engineering sector and 12.9% in the pharmaceuticals & chemical sector. This study observed an average subscription times of 23.41, which was much lower than in some other South Asian countries. Regarding the use of IPO proceeds, loan settlement was the prime motive, followed by capital expenditure, and working capital financing. Companies expensed around 6% of the total IPO proceeds as flotation cost. Although the detailed disclosure of the use of IPO proceeds in the prospectus is a common and expected feature, it was found absent in around 12% of companies. The logistic regression model found a statistically significant influence of lot size (LOT), post-IPO capital (PIC), and flotation cost (FTC) on oversubscription times (OST). The contribution of FTC to OST was a novel finding of this study. The study also found the absence of large and reputed domestic and multinational conglomerates in the listing through IPOs. Thus, the current study recommends regulators should take proper drives to customize and familiarize the book-building method, which can entice good companies for listing in stock exchanges through IPO.
Hema Raviadaran; Omkar Dastane; Muhamad Yusnorizam Ma’arif; Nurhizam Safie Mohd Satar
Volume 6, Issue 10 , October 2019, , Pages 709-730
Abstract
Banking, a demand-driven industry is vastly growing to date by consistently expanding its client network via internet banking. The rendered service quality by banks has nevertheless been the essential tool for attracting prospective customers. Although, impact of service quality on satisfaction and patronage ...
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Banking, a demand-driven industry is vastly growing to date by consistently expanding its client network via internet banking. The rendered service quality by banks has nevertheless been the essential tool for attracting prospective customers. Although, impact of service quality on satisfaction and patronage is well researched, investigating the same for internet banking and in Malaysian context is a definite research gap. This study is conducted to see the impact of service quality on the adoption of internet banking and then to identify if the service quality dimensions of reliability, responsiveness, communication, access and security leads to customer satisfaction and subsequently leads to patronage in Malaysia. The data is gathered from 202 bank customers using judgmental sampling through two sets of questionnaires viz. User of Internet Banking and Non-User of Internet Banking. Based on the determined results produced using SPSS 20 indications were obtained that the customers place great emphasis towards the service quality dimension of security and accessibility of internet banking respectively. The service quality has been found to significantly influence the adoption of internet banking in Malaysia. Service quality aspects, specially access and security, impact satisfaction and satisfaction impacts patronage, therefore, in accelerating the adoption rate, the banks should further enhance their offering in internet banking and concurrently provide a more efficient and easy to user interface.
Mansour Zarra Nezhad; Hanieh Eskandary; Ebrahim Anvari
Volume 3, Issue 11 , November 2016, , Pages 709-719
Abstract
It is important to analyze the relationship between inputs and economies in the production due to high share of added value and great contribution of cement industry in national production and construction projects. In this paper, returns to scale, elasticities of substitution, function coefficients ...
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It is important to analyze the relationship between inputs and economies in the production due to high share of added value and great contribution of cement industry in national production and construction projects. In this paper, returns to scale, elasticities of substitution, function coefficients and economies of scale in Fars Cement Company were extracted and analyzed using the composite cost function and dual cost approach. The iterated nonlinear seemingly unrelated regression (NLSUR) method from 2002 to 2012 and quarterly data with Limdep8 Software were used in order to extract the cost function. Allen cross partial elasticity results for each pair of inputs showed that labor is a substitution for capital and other services. Capital input and other services are complementary. In addition, demand price elasticities indicate inelasticity of production factors against changes in price of those factors. According to research results, production of cement in Fars Cement Company resulted in ascending economies of scale and returns to scale.
Sanyaolu Oluwafemi; Adesanmi David; Bello Yetunde; Erin Olayinka; A Ajetunmobi; Ilogho Simon
Volume 5, Issue 9 , September 2018, , Pages 715-737
Abstract
This study examines the impact of environmental cost on the financial performance of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria from 2008 to 2016. The relationship between environmental cost and financial performance of manufacturing firms in Nigeria was tested using a sample of 126 firm-year observations ...
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This study examines the impact of environmental cost on the financial performance of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria from 2008 to 2016. The relationship between environmental cost and financial performance of manufacturing firms in Nigeria was tested using a sample of 126 firm-year observations covering 14 manufacturing firms in the period from 2008 to 2016. The data extracted were analyzed using trend analysis graphs and panel least square method of regression. The study document a positive and significant relationship between Return on Equity (ROE), employee benefit and staff training. The authors also found a negative and insignificant relationship between Return on Equity (ROE) and donations. The result suggests investment in environmental cost indicates a good return in terms of financial performance. This finding will help eliminate the bias that investment in environmental cost is detrimental to the performance of companies in Nigeria. In the light of the empirical findings, manufacturing firms will gain a better understanding of the status and importance of environmental investment and that environmental investment is not necessary implies decline in financial performance. This implies that firms will report quality environmental issues in their corporate reports in order to benefit users of financial information. Given the important role of the manufacturing sector on the Nigerian economy, this is the first study of its kind investigating the impact of environmental cost on the financial performance among manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The study tackles the issue of donation and employee benefits in the context of environmental cost which similar studies were not able to examine.
Management
Rina Nopianti; Andreas Tri Panudju; Angrian Permana
Abstract
This paper aims to predict stock prices using open, high, low, close variables using artificial neural networks, especially the adaptive fuzzy neural inference system (ANFIS). Each stock has a different pattern and can be predicted if you have complete data. This study is limited by stock data for 2012-2019. ...
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This paper aims to predict stock prices using open, high, low, close variables using artificial neural networks, especially the adaptive fuzzy neural inference system (ANFIS). Each stock has a different pattern and can be predicted if you have complete data. This study is limited by stock data for 2012-2019. The survey was conducted to collect stock data from the Yahoo Finance website. The stock data used is data from 2001-2018. Learning patterns of data patterns using the Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) were compared with regression analysis, Mean Square Error (MSE) and Mean Prediction Error. The results show that stock price predictions using the Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) have a small error rate (below 1 percent). The stock price at closing is determined by the open price and the volume of the stock. The value of the highest price of the stock and the lowest value of the stock follows the determined value of the opening price. This paper contributes to existing research in economics, especially stock investment and Financial Technology.
Rathnayake JA; Karunarathne EACP
Volume 2, Issue 7 , July 2015, , Pages 719-726
Abstract
Warehouse plays a major role in logistic operations especially in the telecommunication infrastructure development industry. Inefficient warehouse management makes huge cost to the company. Thus, it is important to manage warehouses especially in this industry as they are using very specific materials, ...
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Warehouse plays a major role in logistic operations especially in the telecommunication infrastructure development industry. Inefficient warehouse management makes huge cost to the company. Thus, it is important to manage warehouses especially in this industry as they are using very specific materials, machineries, equipment and tools. On the other hand, firms need to keep larger as well as costly inventories for the successful completion of the construction projects. This implies the differences with compared to other type of warehouses and also generates some specific requirements in warehousing for this industry. Thus, this research study focuses to identify and examine the factors affecting effectiveness of warehouses in telecommunication infrastructure construction industry. The study was carried out by performing a comprehensive survey and a questionnaire was used to get the feedback from the selected sample which comprises both executive and non-executive employees work in warehouses. For the purpose of analysis, descriptive statistics and other statistical tools were used to examine the factors. Through the study, environmental impacts, emergency unloading and safety & protection were identified as largely affecting factors to the warehouse effectiveness and their behaviours were further examined. Based on findings, the paper has given recommendations for telecommunication infrastructure construction firms to effectively manage their warehouses for the better performance in their construction projects.
Sajjad Shokohyar; Ruhollah Tavallaee; Khadijeh Keramatnia
Volume 4, Issue 7 , July 2017, , Pages 720-744
Abstract
For today's organizations, customers have become important resources and communications with them have been considered as valuable assets and investments. Therefore, the effective management of customer relationship has become a preferred task and an approach for managing in many organizations. The dilemma, ...
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For today's organizations, customers have become important resources and communications with them have been considered as valuable assets and investments. Therefore, the effective management of customer relationship has become a preferred task and an approach for managing in many organizations. The dilemma, the organizations are faced with is that they go ahead directly toward the preparation and implementation of new technologies, especially the technology without determining their level of readiness and this causes that they fail at the implementation stage or they do not benefit from the investment and spending they have done. This study wants to investigate the indicators involved in successful acceptance of this product and the degree of importance of these indicators compared to other indicators. After identifying these indicators, according to the research background and internal experts' opinion, the status of these indicators has been assessed and they were ranked using multi-criteria decision-making model known as fuzzy analytic network process in Iran's Mellat Bank. Finally, by examining the fuzzy average of the studied organization data, a general consensus has been achieved about the importance of each indicator as well as their ranking based on the weight of each indicator compared to other indicators in assessing Iranian organization readiness to accept social customer relationship management. It is worth mentioning that this research paid more attention to negotiations and meetings with chief technology officers, customer relationship experts, strategic managers, project managers and human resource managers.
Zhi-xia Chen; Wijerathnage Somarathna Chandrasekara
Volume 3, Issue 11 , November 2016, , Pages 720-734
Abstract
Stigmatizing attitudes toward psychological help seeking is a significant obstacle for the people with mental health difficulties to obtain sufficient psychological help. Therefore, this paper examines the psychological mechanism of stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental illness and help seeking ...
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Stigmatizing attitudes toward psychological help seeking is a significant obstacle for the people with mental health difficulties to obtain sufficient psychological help. Therefore, this paper examines the psychological mechanism of stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental illness and help seeking performance. Data were gathered using already developed and validated scales with modifications. They are; mental Health Service Utilization Questions (MHSUQ), the Inventory of Attitudes toward Seeking Mental Health Services (IASMHS), Griffith’s public stigma sacle, Griffith’s self stigma scale, perceived need and utilization theory of mental health services, and General Help Seeking Questionnaire – Vignette Version (GHSQ-V). 600 students were interviewed from three state universities in Sri Lanka. The interviews were done based on three vignettes of young persons with a mental disorder consisting with statement show much they agree or not agree for each statement. Additionally, demographic information was collected. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 19) and AMOS 20 software. Outcomes suggest that public stigma, and self stigma make influence on help seeking behavior negatively whereas public stigma makes greater influences on help seeking behavior negatively than self-stigma. However, in all vignettes, ‘dangerous person’ is the most responded item in both public stigma and self-stigma. It was found that female students have more positive attitudes, intention and actual help seeking behavior that male students. Further, results indicate that stigma reduction programs are more essential to effectively increase of help-seeking behavior among students. Results further suggest that policy makers to make interventions to change public attitudes towards mental illnesses rather than self-attitudes.
Accounting
Ali Najafi Moghadam; Masoumeh Nejad Mohammadi Alarelough; Abdulaziz Salem Nejad
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of internal factors of the company on the Tobin's Q ration and the value of companies admitted in Tehran Securities Exchange Stock Exchange with the approach of structural equation modeling. In this study the effect of corporate governance, capital ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of internal factors of the company on the Tobin's Q ration and the value of companies admitted in Tehran Securities Exchange Stock Exchange with the approach of structural equation modeling. In this study the effect of corporate governance, capital structure and profit sharing policy as internal variables on corporate value was investigated. This research is practical in terms of goal. Statistical population of the present study is the companies accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange between 2012 to 2016. Among them, 161 companies were selected as sample through systematic elimination. After finding to fit the acceptable model of measurement and structure of the research, the results showed that internal variables have a positive effect on the Tobin's Q ratio. Among the internal variables, the return-sharing policy has the most impact on the Tobin's Q ratio. The Tobin's Q ratio can mediate the relationship between local variables and the corporate value.
Gayani Madhushanthi Ranasinghe; Shanika Dilanthi
Volume 2, Issue 7 , July 2015, , Pages 727-736
Abstract
The Sri Lankan apparel industry is considered as the most significant and dynamic contributor to the country’s economy. Though the industry creates profits in significant still it has many losses in financial aspects such as the cost of raw material. Therefore this research was carried out as a ...
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The Sri Lankan apparel industry is considered as the most significant and dynamic contributor to the country’s economy. Though the industry creates profits in significant still it has many losses in financial aspects such as the cost of raw material. Therefore this research was carried out as a case study in the Sri Lankan apparel industry to identify factors affecting raw material write off. The main raw material considered in the study was fabric being the single largest cost factor in the apparel industry. This research randomly selected 85 schedules as the sample. Both primary and secondary data were used and collected through author observations, interviews and secondary data sources. The data were quantitatively analyzed with regression analysis. The results showed that both excess ordered raw material quantity and yield per yardage saving were the significant factors that affected on raw material write off in the Sri Lankan apparel industry. Further descriptive analysis revealed that pattern changes and marker improvement mainly contributed to this yield per yardage saving. The regression analysis further identified a significant relationship among the raw material write off quantity, excess ordered raw material quantity and yield per yardage saving. Also this study suggested to create a Lean manufacturing culture to minimize raw material write off in the apparel industry.
Amna Rasheed; Farzana Kousar; Aiza Shabbir
Volume 6, Issue 10 , October 2019, , Pages 731-751
Abstract
This study examined the impact of financial development, tourism, population density and political stability on environmental degradation in Pakistan over the time 1986-2017. Data of these variables is taken from World Development Indicator (WDI), World Tourism Organization (WTO), International country ...
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This study examined the impact of financial development, tourism, population density and political stability on environmental degradation in Pakistan over the time 1986-2017. Data of these variables is taken from World Development Indicator (WDI), World Tourism Organization (WTO), International country risk guide (ICRG) database and federal bureau of Statistics of Pakistan. To investigate the findings, three separate models are constructed by using three different indicators of financial development. Firstly, Co-Integration among variables is confirmed through Bound test of Co-Integration. The result of this test reveals that co-integration among all the variables exists in the long run. Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique is used to examine short run and long run estimates. Findings of the study concluded that in all the models financial development has considerable positive relationship with CO2 related pollution in the long run while in the short run results depend on which dimension of financial development is used. As, M2 has significantly negative impact on environmental degradation whereas, Population density has negatively significant role in explaining carbon dioxide emissions in the long run but it is positive and inconsequential in the short run. Tourism has negative and significant effect on environmental deterioration in case of Political stability has statistically significant and inverse relationship with CO2 emissions both in short and long run. These outcomes may also become fruitful for Government regarding decision making. The result recommends that Government should try to focus on financial development, tourism sector and political stability more keenly. Government should impose some restrictions on financial sector as, loans and finance should only be given for productive and environment friendly projects. Taxes should be imposed on most visited tourist’ places. Awareness among people regarding depreciation of environment should be promoted by different activities or programs conducted by Government.
Management
Ahmad Azmy; Agung Priyono; Agustin Widyaningsih; Agam Sulistyo; Riri Anggraheni; Slamet Riyadi
Abstract
This study analyzes the influence of spiritual leadership and assignment complexity on employee performance through job satisfaction. Spiritual leadership variables and assignment complexity are used as predictors of employee performance. Job satisfaction as an intervening variable in the research model. ...
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This study analyzes the influence of spiritual leadership and assignment complexity on employee performance through job satisfaction. Spiritual leadership variables and assignment complexity are used as predictors of employee performance. Job satisfaction as an intervening variable in the research model. The purpose of this study is to analyze the direct and indirect effects generated by spiritual leadership and assignment complexity on employee performance through job satisfaction at Paramadina University. This study uses the Partial Least Square (PLS) method. The total respondents in this study amounted to 61 people. The sampling technique used a purposive sampling approach adapted to the needs of the study. Based on the analysis test of the Smart PLS program used, there is a direct influence of spiritual leadership on employee performance and assignment complexity on job satisfaction, both of which have a positive but not significant effect, while job satisfaction on employee performance has a negative and insignificant effect. This study only limits the variables of spiritual leadership and the complexity of the assignment which are linked through job satisfaction to employee performance. The data is limited only for lecturers and employees who work at Paramadina University as the object of research. This research develops knowledge in the field of human resource management. Both variables indicate that leadership and assignment complexity can affect employee performance at paramadina university. Job satisfaction as a control variable is able to show variables that affect employee performance.
Abdorreza Asadi; Samira Ghanbari Sani
Volume 3, Issue 11 , November 2016, , Pages 735-745
Abstract
According to the significance of ethics in different organizations and communities and regarding the necessity of considering this issue in insurance industry, this research is conducted to study the effect of insurer’s ethics on customer attraction by insurance companies. Moral values including ...
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According to the significance of ethics in different organizations and communities and regarding the necessity of considering this issue in insurance industry, this research is conducted to study the effect of insurer’s ethics on customer attraction by insurance companies. Moral values including honesty, fairness, respect and honor, accountability, and reliability components are individually investigated in this study to show the effect of these variables on customer attraction by insurance companies. This is an applied research in term of purpose and a descriptive-survey, field study in term of nature. Research population included all customers of Iran insurance company agencies in Mashhad City. 384 individuals were randomly selected through simple random sampling method as research sample. Further, data were collected through a questionnaire; the questionnaire reliability was estimated using Cronbach test. Research hypotheses were tested by using structural equations method. The results of hypotheses’ analysis indicated that all five ethical codes including honesty, fairness, respect and honor, accountability and reliability influence customer attraction in Iran insurance company. Overall, according to research results, it is inferred that insurer’s ethics may influence customer attraction by insurance companies.
Mohammad Reza Meigounpoory; Mehran Rezvani; Manouchehr Afshar
Volume 2, Issue 7 , July 2015, , Pages 737-748
Abstract
In today competitive world, innovation is a key factor for creating competitive advantage and even for survival of the enterprises and as a propellant for business growth and prosperity and maintain more profitability for an organization, as a result of market needs and technology push. In service organizations, ...
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In today competitive world, innovation is a key factor for creating competitive advantage and even for survival of the enterprises and as a propellant for business growth and prosperity and maintain more profitability for an organization, as a result of market needs and technology push. In service organizations, recognition of the conceptual framework of service innovation, improves performance of the Organization and creates core competencies for achieving competitive advantage through their systematic approach to service development, which is crucial for survival and maintaining competitiveness in the current financial markets. Banking systems due to the rapid global competition, the impact of structural change, deregulation effects, the use of new technologies and the increasing expectations of customers, have sought to develop and implement service innovation in their organizations. In this paper the effective factors of Service Innovation in service organizations has been introduced and case of study is Iranian Governmental Banks. Research methodology is qualitative and qualitative. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with academic experts and managers of governmental banking systems until theoretical saturation was achieved. The gathered data was analyzed using axial and open coding methods. The results show that dimensions of Service Innovation in financial service organization systems consist of six main dimensions including new service concept, new delivery system (organization), new delivery system (technological), interact with new customers, new value systems / new business partners and finally the new revenue models and 36 secondary factors. The results of this paper can be used for the understanding of service innovation for new service design and development in governmental banking system in a competitive environment at the other countries.
Maya Ayu Safitri; Alwan Sri Kustono; Muhammad Miqdad
Volume 5, Issue 9 , September 2018, , Pages 738-750
Abstract
Earnings management (EM) is the choice of accounting policy by a manager to achieve multiple goals. EM activity can be divided into two types: accrual manipulation activity and real manipulation activity. However, both of these have a major difference: the accrual manipulation does not affect cash flow, ...
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Earnings management (EM) is the choice of accounting policy by a manager to achieve multiple goals. EM activity can be divided into two types: accrual manipulation activity and real manipulation activity. However, both of these have a major difference: the accrual manipulation does not affect cash flow, whereas real manipulation affects cash flow. Whether misleading or not to the users of financial statements, good or bad for the practice, controversy arises when earnings management is associated with morals / ethics. EM practices are suspected to arise due to agency problems arising from a conflict of interest between the principal and the agent. In accordance with agency theory, the function of the independent auditor can reduce agency problems. A qualified auditor, trusted to provide trust to stakeholders about the performance of management. High-quality auditors are more likely to detect dubious accounting practices. Thus, in the context of research, audit quality is often regarded as an antecedent variable and a variable that can reduce the occurrence of EM practice. Furthermore, the practice of Accrual Earnings Management (AEM) and Real Earnings Management (REM) in some empirical results turns out to be a substitution.
Samaneh Sharafoddin; Alireza Shahriari
Volume 4, Issue 7 , July 2017, , Pages 745-759
Abstract
Market development is one of the goals of accelerated and continuous economic growth which plays a major role and has always been one of the key topics in economic development, thus, market development is considered as one of the preconditions for growth and economic development. The objective of this ...
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Market development is one of the goals of accelerated and continuous economic growth which plays a major role and has always been one of the key topics in economic development, thus, market development is considered as one of the preconditions for growth and economic development. The objective of this article is evaluation of the effect of financial market and bank’s development on capital ratio of banks listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period from 2009 to 2014 which includes 11 banks and 66 observations. Spss and Eviews were used to test the hypotheses. The results indicated that there is a direct and significant relation between the development of capital market and capital ratio of bank and direct and significant relation between the development of bank and capital ratio of bank.
Mehdi Ebrahiminejad; Meysam Aminizadeh; Ma'soumeh Dehghani
Volume 3, Issue 11 , November 2016, , Pages 746-757
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the efficiency of Tejarat Bank information systems and the extent to which bank managers apply these systems. Today's condition of trading and competitive atmosphere and the evolution in financial and banking systems of countries has highlighted the need for a comprehensive ...
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This study aims to investigate the efficiency of Tejarat Bank information systems and the extent to which bank managers apply these systems. Today's condition of trading and competitive atmosphere and the evolution in financial and banking systems of countries has highlighted the need for a comprehensive and responsive evolution to satisfy the society's needs in any developing and sustainable economy. Hypotheses have been formulated to assess and evaluate the present systems from various dimensions. This study was carried out in all branches of Tejarat Bank in Kerman Province in 2014. Data was collected through questionnaire and field study. Data analysis have been done through statistical tests. Findings showed that Tejarat Bank accounting information system has great potentiality and efficiency in providing the bank managers with adequate information. On the other side, the bank mangers made the least use of the information presented by these systems.
Erandi Jinadari Wattegama; Qing Ping
Volume 2, Issue 7 , July 2015, , Pages 749-765
Abstract
Product harm crises often reflect the outcomes of firms’ unethical business decision-making behaviours. Literature showed that the majority of crisis management studies have paid high attention for finding strategies from the consumer’s perspective. Hence, the purpose of present study is ...
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Product harm crises often reflect the outcomes of firms’ unethical business decision-making behaviours. Literature showed that the majority of crisis management studies have paid high attention for finding strategies from the consumer’s perspective. Hence, the purpose of present study is set to conceptualise the impact of an entrepreneur’s personal values on making ethical business decisions to fill the empirical gap that has been arisen from a firm’s perspective. A systematic approach was followed to review the crisis management literature and to examine the current status of product harm crisis management strategies in scholarly accepted databases. The analyzed content found that the relationship among the variables of entrepreneur’s personal values, firm’s attitude towards fulfilling the corporate social responsibilities, and the ethical decision-making behaviour can be explained through the value- attitude-behaviour hierarchy model. Some propositions have been suggested as future research directions for academia and it is believed that the present study finding is a pre-requisite for the content provision from a firm’s perspective in product harm crisis management study context.
Accounting
Niyi Solomon Awotomilusi; Ogungbade Oluyinka Isaiah; Igbekoyi Olusola Esther; Adesuyi Temitayo Yomi
Abstract
Cost structure has considerably been a topical issue in the Manufacturing sector as it affects financial performance of the manufacturing companies and has not received reasonable attention in the accounting literature. The various components of cost structure were carefully assessed as independent variables ...
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Cost structure has considerably been a topical issue in the Manufacturing sector as it affects financial performance of the manufacturing companies and has not received reasonable attention in the accounting literature. The various components of cost structure were carefully assessed as independent variables and how they affected financial performance of the selected manufacturing companies. Return on Assets (ROA) was used to proxy financial performance of the companies. This paper aims at assessing the impact of cost structure on financial performance of quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The study selects 7 industrial goods manufacturing companies listed by the Nigerian Exchange Group and the analysis was done using the financial statements for the period of 2011-2020. Ex-post facto research design and descriptive analysis through the use of regression and correlation analysis were used. The findings of the study confirm that there is a significant effect of cost structure on financial performance of selected manufacturing companies quoted by the Nigerian Exchange Group. The study recommended that cost structure should be well analysed into those components and the cost of each of the components should be investigated in order to manage and control the impact on the profitability of manufacturing companies.
Babak Jamshidi Navid; Bahareh Dastgheib
Volume 5, Issue 9 , September 2018, , Pages 751-761
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of company profitability on the relationship between physical asset management and profit sharing strategy. The net physical assets and the ratio of physical assets as asset management indicators and net profit margin is the profitability index of ...
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of company profitability on the relationship between physical asset management and profit sharing strategy. The net physical assets and the ratio of physical assets as asset management indicators and net profit margin is the profitability index of the company. In this research, financial information of 165 companies from the set of companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange for the period 2013 to 2017 was used. The hypothesis test was performed using multiple linear regression model. Eviews software was used for this purpose. The results show that the company's profitability has a positive effect on the relationship between physical asset management and profit sharing strategy; therefore, the management of physical assets enables the organization to increase its value through the optimal utilization of all available resources and provide the basis for maximizing profits and returns to investors.
Asif Javed
Volume 6, Issue 10 , October 2019, , Pages 752-760
Abstract
Services trade has gained significance in the globalized world as the volume and its impacts on growth have increased. South Asian countries are also engaging in exports of services which are vital for their respective economies. However, the regional integration is yet to be promoted as hurdles including ...
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Services trade has gained significance in the globalized world as the volume and its impacts on growth have increased. South Asian countries are also engaging in exports of services which are vital for their respective economies. However, the regional integration is yet to be promoted as hurdles including high transportation costs, lack of cross border infrastructure and lack of regional transit existed. For services trade integration, effective utilization of regional platform, easing in movement of professionals and minimizing the investment barriers can be useful measures. South Asian economies have prospects of integration in specific sectors such as tourism and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) which can be used to enhance regional services trade ties.
