Original Research
Economics
Rimon Kumar; Saikat Pande
Abstract
Agriculture is one of the most important sectors and driving factors of the economy of Bangladesh, which plays a significant role in the prosperity of large rural communities by increasing productivity, income, and creating employment. Presently, this sector has faced a severe challenge in its production, ...
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Agriculture is one of the most important sectors and driving factors of the economy of Bangladesh, which plays a significant role in the prosperity of large rural communities by increasing productivity, income, and creating employment. Presently, this sector has faced a severe challenge in its production, due to the construction of unplanned infrastructure in rural areas. This study investigates the effect of rural infrastructure on agricultural production in Bangladesh. Using the purposive sampling technique, 50 respondents were interviewed through a structured questionnaire to collect primary data from six unions of Sadar Upazila in the Kushtia district. Statistical methods of multiple regression and paired-sample t-test have been utilized to analyze the collected data. The results of the multiple regression model show that the co-efficient of cultivable and infrastructural land size is statistically significant at 1 percent of level, which depicts cultivable land positively affects agricultural production, whereas infrastructural land negatively affects agricultural production in the study area. This means that infrastructure built on cultivable land has reduced agricultural production. Paired-sample t-test result also shows that the mean difference between agricultural production before and after constructing infrastructure is TK.134847.94 per year. The primary reasons for the construction of infrastructure in the study area are unanticipated population expansion, urbanization, unplanned human settlement, and a rise in nuclear families. Lastly, suitable policies have been offered to develop the infrastructure as well as agricultural production in rural areas.
Original Research
Accounting
Seyed Valiallah Mirhoseyni; Seyed Hosein Izadi; Leila Mohammad Ghader
Volume 10, Issue 2 , February 2023
Abstract
Human capital is supposed to be an important factor in innovation and economic development. However, the long-run influence of human capital on current innovation and economic development is still unclear, in particular in the MENA region. Therefore, the present study is to investigate the long-run influence ...
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Human capital is supposed to be an important factor in innovation and economic development. However, the long-run influence of human capital on current innovation and economic development is still unclear, in particular in the MENA region. Therefore, the present study is to investigate the long-run influence of human capital on innovation and economic growth in MENA countries for the years 2010-2012. The data were collected using the library method from the World Bank database and were analyzed using statistical and econometric methods for panel data. The results obtained from this study showed that human capital had a positive, significant influence on innovation and economic growth in MENA countries. The same influence was observed for the population density in some age groups (more educated people) on the patents in MENA countries.The same influence was observed for the population density in some age groups (more educated people) on the patents in MENA countries.
Original Research
Saikat Pande; Kazi Mostafa Arif
Volume 10, Issue 2 , February 2023
Abstract
The handloom textile industry is one of Bangladesh's major labor contributing endeavors that provides income and employment opportunities for a sizable section of rural labor. However, in recent years, the handloom textile industry has been experiencing severe competition with the power loom textile ...
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The handloom textile industry is one of Bangladesh's major labor contributing endeavors that provides income and employment opportunities for a sizable section of rural labor. However, in recent years, the handloom textile industry has been experiencing severe competition with the power loom textile industries in terms of technical efficiency, wage discrimination, and profit margin. This study aims to measure the technical efficiency of the handloom textile industry in handloom rich areas of Bangladesh. This study used multistage sampling techniques to collect data from 50 handloom textile industries in the Sirajganj district. The Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) technique was used to assess technical inefficiency and production efficiency. In contrast, the Benefit-Cost Ratio was used to determine the profit margin for handloom textile industries. The results show that the sample means technical efficiency is 79 percent, ranging from 38 to 100 percent. The SFA regression model also indicates that 66 percent of handloom industries have a 0.75–1.00 efficiency score, while 6 percent of the firms operate below 50 percent of technical efficiency. The Benefit-Cost Ratio analysis shows that handloom products are not highly profitable. The study also found that the existing handloom textile industries face high prices of colors and fabrics, lower adoption of technical knowledge, and obstacles to access to credit, all of which affect the production efficiency of handloom industries. With the foremost prospect of this industry, government policies should address the above problems to ensure favorable textile production in the study area.
Research Note
Economics
Kazuhiro Ohnishi
Volume 10, Issue 2 , February 2023
Abstract
This paper uses a mixed market model in which a state-owned public firm and a private firm produce complementary goods and reassesses the welfare effects of production subsidies. The paper examines four regimes: mixed and private duopoly, each with and without subsidies. In the regimes without subsidies, ...
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This paper uses a mixed market model in which a state-owned public firm and a private firm produce complementary goods and reassesses the welfare effects of production subsidies. The paper examines four regimes: mixed and private duopoly, each with and without subsidies. In the regimes without subsidies, a one-shot Cournot-Nash game is considered. In the regimes with subsidies, the following two-stage game is considered: At the first stage the government chooses the subsidy level to maximize social welfare, and at the second stage each firm observes the subsidy and simultaneously chooses its output level. The paper presents the following two main results. First, if production subsidies are used only before privatization, then there is a reduction in social welfare. Second, if production subsidies are used before and after privatization, then social welfare is not changed by privatization. The paper finds that the results are the same as those obtained by White (1996) that examines the welfare effects of production subsidies in a Cournot mixed market with homogeneous goods.
