Original Research
Key Elements of Thinking Strategically

Nader Seyed Kalali; Mansoor Momeni; Elham Heydari

Volume 2, Issue 8 , August 2015, Pages 801-809

Abstract
  Strategic thinking is one of the most important capabilities which managers of today’s organizations must possess. Holding companies, due to the kind of problems that they experience, are in serious need of managers capable of strategic thinking. The present research has been conducted with the ...  Read More

Original Research
Determination of the Impact of Spokesperson on Advertising Effectiveness

Viktorija Grigaliūnaitė; Lina Pilelienė

Volume 2, Issue 8 , August 2015, Pages 810-822

Abstract
  This article contributes to the revelation of a relevant and complex problem of the selection of advertising spokesperson while answering the research question, which lays a foundation of the scientific problem: how to choose a spokesperson for advertising to be effective? Accordingly, the aim of the ...  Read More

Original Research
The Effect of Situational Factors on Impulse Buying and Compulsive Buying: Clothing

Maryam Sarikhani Khorrami; Mohammad Rahim Esfidani; Sajad Delavari

Volume 2, Issue 8 , August 2015, Pages 823-837

Abstract
  The aim of this study is to identify the effect of situational factors on impulse buying and compulsive buying. For achieving the goal, through a review of past studies, factors that were involved in this issue, were identified. Time pressure, available money, variety of selection, store environment, ...  Read More

Original Research
The Relationship of Personality Traits and Demographic Characteristics with the Performance of Samsung Mobile Phones Brand

Maryam Nooradi; Tooraj Sadeghi

Volume 2, Issue 8 , August 2015, Pages 838-845

Abstract
  Various internal and external factors have influence on the consumers’ behavior among which personality and demographic characteristics fall into the first category. Classification of consumers based on common personality traits is one of the methods used in marketing. The current research aimed ...  Read More

Case Study
Assessment of the Students' Attitude toward Business with Regard to Higher Education Curriculum: Case Study of Esfarayen University

Fariba Bagherinia; Hassan Bagherinia; Seyed Rahim Mosavi

Volume 2, Issue 8 , August 2015, Pages 846-857

Abstract
  Unemployment of university graduates is one of the critical problems of the society. The unemployed university graduate does not have the opportunity to use what they have learned and have no way to enter thework market. This indicates necessity of more coordination between higher education system and ...  Read More

Original Research
Growth Thresholds and Environmental Degradation in Sub-Saharan African Countries: An Exploration of Kuznets Hypothesis

Oyeniran Ishola Wasiu; Babatunde Kazeem Alasinrin

Volume 2, Issue 8 , August 2015, Pages 858-871

Abstract
  This study investigates the presence of environmental Kuznets curve (non-linear relationship between pollution and the per capita income) in Nigeria, Ghana, Cote d’Ivoire, Mali and Senegal and Gabon. In the study, pollution is regressed on per capita income, squared per capita income, trade intensity, ...  Read More

Original Research
Consumer Behavior Influence on Adoption of Electronic Commerce in Retail Stores

Grace Wambui Kiboro; Evanson Mwangi Karanja

Volume 2, Issue 8 , August 2015, Pages 872-881

Abstract
  Consumer behavior is a key determinant on the success of products and services in the competitive markets. Electronic commerce has revolutionalised customer value delivery. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of consumer behavior on adoption of electronic commerce in retail stores ...  Read More

Original Research
Interdependence Analysis on Government Income and Government Expenditure in Indonesia

Muhammad Fitri Rahmadana; Marlon Naibaho

Volume 2, Issue 8 , August 2015, Pages 882-890

Abstract
  This research reviewed interdependence analysis on government income and expenditure in Indonesia, where the problem shown up here was government expenditure was always bigger than government income, though in particular years the income was bigger than government expenditure. This research aimed to ...  Read More

Original Research
Investigation of Relationship between Ownership Concentration and Auditing Fees in listed firms of Tehran Stock Exchange

Mahmood Yahyazadehfar; Hooman Shababi; Seyedeh Samira Hosseini

Volume 2, Issue 8 , August 2015, Pages 891-901

Abstract
  This study investigates the relationship between ownership concentration and auditing fees of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. The level and nature of external audit fees requested by organizations, depends on three descriptive elements such as the firm size, complexity of operations and audit ...  Read More

Original Research
Ownership Concentration, Cash Holding and Firm Value

Javad Zahedi; Elahe Talebi; Shadi Laal Aval

Volume 2, Issue 8 , August 2015, Pages 902-912

Abstract
  The purpose of the study is to explore the relationship between ownership concentration and firm value in the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE).  The previous research indicates that ownership structure as an external corporate governance mechanism can influence firm value. In this study, the effect of ...  Read More

Case Study
The Study of Vehicle Safety Aspects Influencing Malaysian Urban Consumer Car Purchasing Behaviour

Ng Ju Hung; Rashad Yazdanifard

Volume 2, Issue 8 , August 2015, Pages 913-924

Abstract
  As the amount of accidents on the road increases in tandem with the increase in the amount of cars on the road every year, vehicle safety aspect now plays the primary role which influences consumer choice when making a new vehicle purchase. In one of the research quoted by Koppel et.al, (2008), the most ...  Read More

Original Research
Agency Adaptation with Islamic Contracts in Iran Banking System in Order to Fulfill the Country’s Financing Goals

Sahebali Akbari; Vahid Sadeghi Rad; Hamid Sadeghi Rad

Volume 2, Issue 8 , August 2015, Pages 925-934

Abstract
  Since Islam never left humans without guidance in any aspects of life, a reasonable expectation is that Islam has issued guidelines on economy in order to enhance life. Unfortunately, religion was on the margin before the Islamic revolution and extracting economic affairs from the religion was impossible ...  Read More

Case Study
Stock Companies as an Important Source of Influence to Increase Investment in Economic Projects: Case Study of Mofid Brokerage Firm

Ali Nakhchian; Hamid Abadi; Mahdi Rafiee

Volume 2, Issue 8 , August 2015, Pages 935-944

Abstract
  One of the main tools to extend and make deeper the capital market is promoting the level of market analysis. Without extensive and comprehensive research and analysis on the capital markets, we cannot expect to grow capital market's position in the national economy. A brief review of developments in ...  Read More