Cross Countries Comparison of Luxembourg, Germany and India on the Basis of Five Variables, i.e. GDP per Capita, GDP Growth Rate, Scientific and Technical Journals, R & D Spending, Patent Applications for the Years 2000 to 2009

Ahmad, Waqar; Dung, Doan Phuong; Heang, Mono; Bibi, Aqsa

Document Type : Original Research

Authors

¹ College of Economics And Management Huazhong Agricultural University of China

² College of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan China

³ Government Degree College, Madyan Swat, Pakistan

Abstract

In this paper we study about the cross countries comparison of Luxembourg, Germany and India on the basis of five variables , I.e. GDP per Capita, GDP growth rate, Scientific and technical Journals, R & D spending , patent Applications for the years 2000 to 2009. It is necessary that Luxembourg should do innovation (in the field of finance and Steel) to maintain its strength in the future. Germany should give focus on innovation as innovation and growth rate shows positive relationship in the country. On the other hand India should increase its R & D spending as that will further improve its GDP growth rate. So it is necessary for the countries that first they should identify fields/sectors and then decide about innovation. This paper shows that the GDP per Capita of Luxembourg is better from other two countries because it has a stable and solid growth, Low inflation, low unemployment, a strong financial sector, low tax rate and the most important an increasingly diversified in steel.

Keywords

20.1001.1.23832126.2017.4.9.7.4

References

Almus, M., & Nerlinger, E. A. (1999). Growth of new technology-based firms: which factors matter? Small Business Economics, 13(2), 141-154. doi: 10.1023/A:10081387097 24.

Bottazzi, G., Dosi, G., Lippi, M., Pammolli, F., & Riccaboni, M. (2001). Innovation and corporate growth in the evolution of the drug industry. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 19(7), 1161-1187. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7187(01) 00068-6.

Folkeringa, M., Meijaard, J., & van Stel, A. (2004). Strategic Renewal and its Effect on Small Firm Performance: Testing for Firm Size Effects Using Dutch Micro Data. New Perspectives on firm Growth” 1st Inter-RENT Online Publication, 88-112.

Grossman, G. M., & Helpman, E. (1991). Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy. MIT Press, Cambridge MA.

Kirchhoff, B. A., Armington, C., Hasan, I., & Newbert, S. (2002). The Influence of R&D Expenditures on New Firm Formation and Economic Growth. National Commission on Entrepreneurship, Washington, DC.

Lööf, H., & Heshmati, A. (2008). Investment and Performance of Firms : Correlation or causality? Corporate Ownership & Control, 6(2), 268-282.

Oliveira, B., & Fortunato, A. (2005). Firm Growth and Persistence of Chance: Evidence from Portuguese Microdata. ESTUDOS DO GEMF Working Papers 2005/10.

Rodríguez-Pose, A., & Crescenzi, R. (2008). Research and development, spillovers, innovation systems, and the genesis of regional growth in Europe. Regional Studies, 42(1), 51-67.

Teece, D. J. (1986). Profiting from technological innovation: Implications for integration, collaboration, licensing and public policy. Research Policy, 15(6), 285-305. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(86)90027-2.

Torun, H., & Çiçekçi, C. (2007). Innovation: is the engine for the economic growth? Ege University. The Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Economics IV, 1-54.

Wei, Y., & Liu, X. (2006). Productivity Spillovers from R&D, Exports and FDI in China's Manufacturing Sector. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(4), 544-557.

Wu, Y. (2006). R&D and Productivity: An Empirical Study on Chinese Manufacturing Industry. Economic Research Journal, 11, 60-71.

Wu, Y. (2009). R&D, Technology Transfer and Productivity Growth:Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing Industries. unpublished manuscript, Institute of Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.

Wu, Y. (2010). Innovation and Economic growth in China. Discussion Paper 10.10. The university of Western Australia.

International Journal of Management, Accounting and Economics

Cross Countries Comparison of Luxembourg, Germany and India on the Basis of Five Variables, i.e. GDP per Capita, GDP Growth Rate, Scientific and Technical Journals, R & D Spending, Patent Applications for the Years 2000 to 2009

References

References

Volume 4, Issue 9 - Serial Number 38
September 2017
Pages 980-988

Cross Countries Comparison of Luxembourg, Germany and India on the Basis of Five Variables, i.e. GDP per Capita, GDP Growth Rate, Scientific and Technical Journals, R & D Spending, Patent Applications for the Years 2000 to 2009

References

References

Volume 4, Issue 9 - Serial Number 38September 2017Pages 980-988

Volume 4, Issue 9 - Serial Number 38
September 2017
Pages 980-988