Document Type : Original Research

Authors

Faculty of Business, IT and Communication, St. Paul’s University, Kenya

Abstract

Financial management policies are used by organizations as tools for ensuring that their finances are managed in proper manner in all areas of their operations. Lack of implementation of proper management policy exposes NGOs to threats like loss of assets, production of financial reports which are incorrect and unreliable for decision making purposes. This may also lead to application of accounting policies by an organization which are not consistent with the applicable governing laws and regulations. However NGOs that have implemented proper financial management policies are generally known to record improved financial performance. Therefore, the overall objective of this study was to establish the effect of financial planning on financial performance of Non – Governmental Organizations in Nairobi County. The study adopted a descriptive research design. A sample of 45 NGOs was selected from a population of 1,775 NGOs in Nairobi County both local and international. Data was obtained through the use of questionnaires and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Multiple regression analysis results showed that financial planning affects an organization financial performance. The study found out that financial planning has a great effect on financial performance of NGOs hence an important variable that the management of NGOs should not ignore in order to improve on their financial performance. A feedback system should be put in place ensuring corrective measures are taken to enable organizations respond urgently to emerging risks.

Keywords

Abdulkadir, H.S. (2014). Challenges of Implementing Internal Control Systems in Non-Governmental Organizations in Kenya: A case of Faith Based Organizations in Coast Region. Journal of Business and Management
Allis, R. P. M. (2004). Financial Management: Ratio Analysis Zero to one Million. New York: McGraw-Hill.
American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA), (2011). International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). New York, NY: AICPA.
Anthony, R. N. and Young, D. W. (2003). Management Control in Nonprofit Organizations. 7th edition. Boston: McGraw Hill/Irwin.
Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE), (2010). Report to the Nation on Occupational Fraud and Abuse. http://butest.acfe.com/rttn/rttn-2010.pdf.
Baik B., J. Chae, S. Choi, and Farber, D. (2013). Changes in Operational Efficiency and Firm Banker and Johnston ‘Non-governmental organizations’.
Berle, A. A. & Means, (1932). The Modern Corporation and private property, between board inputs, structures, processes and effectiveness in nonprofit organizations; Corporate Governance, An International Review, 9(3), 217-227.
Block, S. B. and Geoffrey, A. H. (2008). Foundations of Financial Management. 12th edition. New York: McGraw Hill.
Bray, I., (2010). Effective Fundraising for Nonprofits: Real-World Strategies That Work, Berkley,Calif: Nolo.
Briston, R.J. (1981). Introduction to Accounting and Finance. London: Macmillan Publishers.
Byarugaba, C., Karyeija, G. K. & Twinomuhwe, I. (2014). Financial Management Practices and Health Service Delivery in Uganda Local Governments: A Case Study of Rukungiri District. International Review of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vol. 6, No. 2 (2014), pp. 72-90.
Chan, K., Farrell, B., Lee, P. (2008). Earnings management of firms reporting material internal control weaknesses under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Auditing, A Journal of Practice and Theory, 27 (2), 161–179.
Churchill, G.A. (1991). Marketing Research: Methodological Foundations. Fort Worth: The Dryden Press.
Coase, R. H. (1937). The Nature of the Firm. Economica (new series), Vol. 4, Issue 16, p. 386-405 1937.
Cooper, D., & Schindler, P. (2013). Business Research Methods. 12th  Edition, New york: McGraw Hill.
Daily Nation. (2015). 957 NGOs to be de-registered for financial malpractice. Available from: http:/www.nation.co.ke (Accessed 2 November 2015).
Evans, K. K. (2013). Analysis of Factors Influencing Financial Control Practices in Community Based Organizations in Baringo County, Kenya. Thesis (MBA), Kabarak University.
Fiador, V.O (2013). Determinants of financial governance practices: Evidence from NGOs in Ghana. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, Vol. 33 Iss 1/2 pp. 114 – 130.
Golda, A. D. (2013). Effects of Financial Management Practices on Performance of Kenya Medical Training College. Thesis (MBA). University of Nairobi.
Hayles, R. (2005). Principles of Auditing. London; Pearson Education Limited.
Iddrisu, A. & Anang, F. (2010). Internal Financial Control Procedures in Second Cycle Institutions. Unpublished Dissertation pg.8, 9-10.
Internal Control—Integrated Framework: Executive Summary. The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), (2012). Evaluating and improving internal control in organizations.
International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions (INTOSAI), (2001). Guidelines for Internal Control Standards.
Jensen, M. C. & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behaviour, agency costs, and ownership Structure. Journal of Financial Economic.
Jensen, M. C. (2003). Paying People to Lie: the Truth about the Budgeting Process. European Financial Management, 9: 379–406. doi: 10.1111/1468-036X.00226.
Kamwana, W. C. & Muturi, W. (2014). Effects of Financial Management on Performance of World Bank Funded Projects in Kenya: A Case of KPLC Projects. European Journal of Business Management, 2 (1), 370-384.
Karanja, G. (2011). The effect of budgetary control process in Nyeri county SACCOS. Unpublished MBA. University of Nairobi
Karunananda, A., Jayamaha, A. (2011). Financial Practices and Performance of Small and Medium – sized Enterprises in Sri Lanka.
Kerine, L.O (2015). Factors Influencing Financial Sustainability of Non-Governmental Organizations: A survey of NGOs in Nakuru County. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, Vol. 3 (9), 2348-0386.
Khawaja, S. (2011). Good Governance and Results-Based Monitoring. Islamabad: Poorab Academy.
Kimani, R.N. (2014). The Effect of Budgetary Control on Effectiveness of Non –Governmental Organizations in Kenya. Thesis (MBA). University of Nairobi.
Kimungunyi, S., Memba, F. & Njeru, A. (2015). Effects of Corporate Governance on Financial Performance of NGOs in Health Sector in Kenya. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, Vol. 3 (12), 2348-0386.
Kinyua, J.K., Gakure, G., Gekara, M. & Orwa, G. (2015). Effect of Internal Control Environment on the Financial Performance of Companies Quoted in the Nairobi Securities Exchange. International Journal of Innovative Finance and Economics Research. Vol. 3(4), 29-48, Oct – Dec. 2015. 2360 – 896X.
Kothari, C.R. (2000). Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques. 2nd Edition. New Delhi, New Age Publishers.
Kumar, R. and Sharma, V. (2013). Auditing Principles and Practice. 2nd edition, New Delhi, India: PHI Learning Private Ltd.
Mackay, K.R. (2007). How to Build M&E Systems to Support Better Government. Washington, DC: World Bank Independent Evaluation Group. Vol. 847.
Marcormick, G., & Hardcastle, N. (2011). Budgetary Control and Organizational Performance. Journal of Finance and Accounting, 2(1):1-8.
Markowitz, H. M. (1991). Foundations of portfolio theory. The journal of finance, 46(2), 469-477.
Mawanda S. (2008). Effects of Internal Control System on Financial Performance in an Institution of Higher Learning in Uganda: A case of Uganda Martyrs. Uganda Martyrs University.
Millichamp, A H. (2000). Auditing. 7th edition, London, England: Continuum.
Milton, S. (1986). A Sample Size Formula for Multiple Regression Studies.  American Association for Public Opinion Research. Opinion Quarterly, vol. 50, pp.112-118..
Mugenda and Mugenda (2003). Research Methods Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches. Nairobi: ACTS Press.
Mugo, J.M. (2013). Effects of Internals Controls on Financial Performance of Technical Training Institutions in Kenya. Thesis (MBA). University of Nairobi.
Mwangi, M.W. (2014). The Effects of Financial Accountability on the Efficiency of Non-Governmental Organizations in Governance Sector in Nairobi County. Thesis (MBA). University of Nairobi.
Mwaura, P.M. (2013). The Effects of Financial Accountability on the Performance of Non-Governmental Organizations in Kenya. Thesis (MBA). University of Nairobi.
Newton, D. & Jeonghun F. (2010). SPSS for institutional researchers. Lewisburg,Pennsylvania: Bucknell University Press.
Nickson, J., & Mears S. (2012). Budgetary Control and Performance. Journal of Finance, 7(3):78-98.
Nkuah, J.K., Tanyeh, J.P. & Asante, J. (2013). The Relationship between Financial Control Systems and Public Sector Efficiency in Ghana. International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences
Non-Governmental Organizations, (2013). National Surveys of NGOs Report. Nairobi: Non-Governmental Organizations Co-ordination.
Odindo, M. (2009). Capacity Needs of Community Based Organizations in Kenya to apply for Global Grants. A study conducted for Stop Malaria Now.
Okinda, W.O. (2013). Accountability of Donor Funding by Non-Govermental Organizations in Kisumu County. Thesis (MBA). University of Nairobi.
Osman, H. (2007). Financial Management Practices for SMEs: An In-depth Study among SMEs in Kedah. Masters. Thesis, Unpublished. Malaysia: University Utara.
Ostman, L. (2009).Towards a General Theory of Financial Control for Organizations. Working Paper Series in Business Administration, 9.
Otley, S. (1987). Budget Use and Management Performance. Journal of Accounting Research, 16(1).
Ramadan, M.A. and Borgonovi, E. (2015). Performance Measurement and Management in Non-Governmental Organizations. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, (IOSR-JBM), Vol.17, No.2, Ver.3, February 2015.
Ray,O.W. & Pany, K. (2001). Principles of auditing and other assurance services. 13th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Richard, J. P. (2009). Measuring Organizational Performance: Towards Methodological Best Practice. Journal of Management, vol. 35, no.3, p. 718- 804.
Sanjib, K.P., & Uttam, K.D. (2013). Financial Measurements of Selected NGOs in West Bengal. Journal of Social Welfare and Management. Vol.5, No.3, Ver.3, September 2013.
Saxton, G. D., & Guo, C. (2011). Accountability online: Understanding the Web-based accountability practices of nonprofit organizations. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 40(2), 270-295.
Schelker, M. (2008). Public auditors: Evidence from the US States. Center for Research in Economics. Management and the Arts Working Paper, 4, 1-45.
Serem, K. (2013). Effect of Budgetary Control on Performance of Non-governmental Organizations in Kenya. Thesis (MBA), University of Nairobi.
Sharma, P. (2012). Performance Measurement in NGO’s. The Management Accountant.
Wafukho, L.N. (2010). A Survey of Financial Management Practices Adopted by Non-Governmental Organizations in Kenya. Thesis (MBA). University of NAIROBI
Wakariba, J.N., Ngahu, S. & Wagoki, J. (2014). Effects of Financial Controls on Financial Management in Kenya’s Public Sector: A Case of National Government Departments in Mirangine Sub-County, Nyandarua County. Journal of Business and Management, Volume 16, Issue 10.Ver. III (Sep. 2014), PP 105-115.
Walters, D. and Dunn, J. (2001). Student’s Manual of Auditing. 6th Edition, London: Thompson Learning.
Wambugu, E. M. (2014). Influence of Internal Controls on Operational Efficiency in Non-Governmental Organizations; A Case of AMREF Health Africa in Kenya. Thesis (MBA). University of Nairobi.
Wanjiru, J. (2013). Effects of Financial Management Practices on Organization Performance of Non-Governmental Organizations in Kenya. A case of St. Johns Community Centre in Nairobi. Thesis (MBA). Moi University.
Wanjohi, A.M. (2010). Sustainability of Community Based Projects in Developing Countries, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing.
Yang, M. (2012). The Effect of Internal Controls Adaptability on Operating Performance. Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan.
Yogendrarajah, R. (2011). Financial Control and its impact on Organizational performance: An empirical study of J/Municipal Council.