Document Type : Original Research

Authors

1 School of Business, Malaysia University of Science and Technology, Petaling Jaya, Selangor

2 Malaysia University of Science and Technology, Petaling Jaya, Selangor

Abstract

This research paper is aimed at highlighting various controversies created by certain global marketing and advertising practices by several organizations including leading multinational corporations. Before showcasing the actual controversial marketing campaigns and advertisements, this article deals with introductory aspects of marketing and advertising , the impact of marketing on customers’ behaviours and offers an overview of global marketing. This paper describes the marketing mishaps including Pepsi’s advertisement campaign featuring Kendall Jenner, IKEA’s Saudi Arabia product catalogue, Audi’s car commercial in China, Dove’s social media campaign, Boden’s catalogue and more recent Surf Excel India’s Holi advertisement. All these campaigns and advertisements landed the respective companies into controversies drawing serious public flak and online uproar against them. This article also largely examines the underlying causes behind these controversies and offers broad guidelines and thumb rules to avoid such controversies. Finally, this research article concludes by summarily outlining the key contours and takeaways of the entire research paper.

Keywords

Ahmed, T., & Naima, J. (2016). Detection and Analysis of Probable Earnings Manipulation by Firms in a Developing Country. Asian Journal of Business and Accounting, 9(1), 59-81.
Astor, M. (2017, October 08). The New York Times. Retrieved March 15, 2019, from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/08/business/dove-ad-racist.html
Athapaththu, H. (2015). An Overview of International Advertising. A Review Article on Current Global Advertising. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications., 5(12), 178-180.
Ati. (2014). ATI. Retrieved 03 16, 2019, from https://allthatsinteresting.com/a-brief-history-of-hippies
BBC News. (2012). BBC: Ikea 'regrets' removal of women from Saudi catalogue. Retrieved March 16, 2019, from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-19786862
Beneish, M. D. (1999). The Detection of Earnings Manipulation. Financial Analysts Journal, 55(5), 24-36.
Beneish, M. D., & Press, E. (1993). Costs of Technical Violation of Accounting-Based Debt Covenants. The Accounting Review, 68(2), 233-257.
Bloomberg Business. (2017, January 04). Bloomberg Business. Retrieved Febraury 23, 2019, from https://bloom.bg/2j6gOaw
Bovingdon, M. (2019, Febraury 4). Mail Online. Retrieved March 27, 2019, from https://dailym.ai/2EnM8v3
Burnett, J. (2008). Core Concepts of Marketing (2 ed.). Zurich: Wiley.
Burt, S., Dawson, J., & Sparks, L. (2003). Failure in international retailing: research propositions. Int. Rev. of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 13(4), 355-373.
Click, L. (2015, April 14). Fly Blue Kites. Retrieved March 22, 2019, from https://flybluekite.com/prevent-an-epic-marketing-failure/
Cullers, R. (2012, October 02). Ad Week: Ikea ‘Regrets’ Airbrushing Women Out of Its Saudi Catalog. Retrieved March 18, 2019, from https://www.adweek.com/creativity/ikea-regrets-airbrushing-women-out-its-saudi-catalog-144140/
D'Addario, D. (2017, April 05). TIME. Retrieved 03 13, 2019, from http://time.com/4726500/pepsi-ad-kendall-jenner/
Eng, L. L., Sun, L., & Vichitsarawong, T. (2014). Are International Financial Reporting Standards–Based and U.S. GAAP–Based Accounting Amounts Comparable? Evidence From U.S. ADRs. Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance, 29(2), 163-187.
Forsey, C. (2019). Hubspot. Retrieved 03 12, 2019, from https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/what-is-marketing
Fridson, M. S. (1993). Financial Statement Analysis: A Practitioner's Guide. John Wiley, New York.
Fung, A. (2015). Putting the Public Back into Governance: The Challenges of Citizen Participation and Its Future. Public Administration Review, 75(4), 513-522.
Gallegos, J. A. (2016). TINT. Retrieved 03 13, 2019, from https://www.tintup.com/blog/history-evolution-advertising-marketing/
Gao, C. (2017, July 21). The Diplomat . Retrieved Febraury 21, 2019, from https://bit.ly/2UW8EAN
Hayko, G. (2010). Effects of Advertising on Society. A Literary Review, 8, 79-81.
Jaffe, E. (2015, September 28). Citylab. Retrieved March 22, 2019, from https://bit.ly/2HRzQNu
James, G. (2014, October 29). Inc. . Retrieved March 26, 2019, from https://bit.ly/2sfXz2k
Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305-360.
Jung, B., Lee , W.‐J., & Weber, D. P. (2014). Financial Reporting Quality and Labor Investment Efficiency. Contemporary Accounting Research, 31(4), 1047-1076.
Khan, A. R., & Akter, M. (2017). An Analysis of Earninga Management: Evidence from Food & Allied Industry of Bangladesh. International Journal of Accounting & Financial Reporting, 7(2), 359-372.
Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2012). Market Management (14 ed.). Harlow: Pearson Education.
Kramer, J., & Chen, J. (2010). Title of the Article. Journal Name, 110-313.
Kumar, D., & Raju, K. (2013). The Role of Advertising in Consumer Decision Making. IOSR Journal of Business and Management , 14(4), 37-45.
Kumar, S. (2017). Representation of Women in AdvertisementsI. International Journal of Advanced Scientific Technologies in Engineering and Management Sciences, , 3(1), 25-26.
Lev, B., & Thiagarajan, R. (1993). Fundamental Information Analysis. Journal of Accounting Research, 31(2), 190-215.
Levitt, A. (1998). The Numbers Game. Securities and Exchange Commission, U.S.
Malik, S. (2017, March 21). In a first, AirAsia India makes in-flight announcements in Kashmiri. Retrieved March 21, 2019, from https://bit.ly/2Uf7tiS
Mulford, C. W., & Comiskey, E. E. (2002). The Financial Numbers Game: Detecting Creative Accounting Practices. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
National Geography. (2016, Febraury -). The Changing Face of Saudi Women. Retrieved March 20, 2019, from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2016/02/saudi-arabia-women/
Nielson. (2015). THE MULTICULTURAL EDGE: RISING SUPER CONSUMERS. Retrieved 03 13, 2019, from https://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/reports/2015/the-multicultural-edge-rising-super-consumers.html
Nwoye, U., Obiorah, J., & Chukwunonso, E. (2015). Assessing the Risk of Fraud in Published IFRS and Nigerian GAAP Financial Reports: A Comparative Application of the Beneish Models. The IUP Journal of Accounting Research & Audit Practices, 14(1), 21-42.
Omar, N., Koya, R. K., & Sanusi, Z. M. (2014). Financial Statement Fraud: A Case Examination Using Beneish Model and Ratio Analysi. International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 5(2), 184-186.
Orellana, A. R., Romero, M. J., & Garrido, T. M. (2017). Measuring fraud and earnings management by a case of study: Evidence from an international family business. European Journal of Family Business, 7, 41-53.
Petterson, M., Story, V., & O'Mally, L. (2009). Women in Advertising: Representations, Repercussions, Responses. Irish Marketing Review, 20(1), 9-12.
Pozin, I. (2015, 11 09). How To Engage An Increasingly Diverse Consumer Market. Retrieved 03 23, 2019, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/ilyapozin/2015/11/09/how-to-engage-an-increasingly-diverse-consumer-market/#673cd6f81e36
Ramya , N., & Ali , S. M. (2016). Factors affecting consumer buying behavior. International Journal of Applied Research, 2(10), 76-80.
Salvato, C., & Moores, K. (2010). Research on Accounting in Family Firms: Past Accomplishments and Future Challenges.  Family Business Review, 23(3), 193-215.
Sanghani, R. (2017, April 5). Telegraph . Retrieved 03 13, 2018, from https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/life/pepsi-ad-everything-wrong-kendall-jenner-video/
Schaffter, S. (2006). Privileging the privileged: Gender in Indian advertising. New Delhi: Promilla & Co.
Sharma, M. (2019, March 12). Indian Television . Retrieved March 28, 2019, from https://bit.ly/2CfqRlv
Shatanawi, H. A., Osman, A., & Halim, M. S. (2014). The Importance of Market Research in Implementing. International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management, 3(2), 151-157.
Siegel, J. G. (1991). How to Analyze Businesses, Financial Statements, and the Quality of Earnings. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 2nd Edition.
Smith, A. (2017, April 05). NBC News. Retrieved 02 26, 2019, from https://www.nbcnews.com/news/nbcblk/pepsi-ad-kendall-jenner-echoes-black-lives-matter-sparks-anger-n742811
Tarjo, & Herawati, N. (2015). Application of Beneish M-Score Models and Data Mining to Detect Financial Fraud. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 21(1), 924-930.
Terkan, R. (2014). Importance of Creative Advertising and Marketing According to University. International Review of Management and Marketing , 4(3), 239-246.
The Guardian . (2016, July 22). The Guardian: I wasn't afraid. I took a stand in Baton Rouge because enough is enough. Retrieved 03 13, 2019, from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/jul/22/i-wasnt-afraid-i-took-a-stand-in-baton-rouge-because-enough-is-enough
Thiruvadi, S., & Huang, H.-W. (2011). Audit committee gender differences and earnings management. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 26(7), 483-498.
Tully, B. (2018). How Advertising Can Create Positive Social Change. Retrieved 03 20, 2019, from https://www.adlibbing.org/2018/06/15/how-advertising-can-create-positive-social-change/
Watson, J., Taylor, A., Haffman, T., Jorge, A., Sulivan, B., Chung, D., & Mahmood, A. (2009). Title of the Book. New York: Publisher.
Williams , A. (2016, 27 07). CMO. Retrieved 02 28, 2019, from https://www.cmo.com.au/article/603960/report-shows-consumers-value-culturally-connected-brands/
Yeng, W. F., & Yazdanifard, R. (2015). Opportunities and Challenges in the World of Retailing and the Importance of Adaption to the New Markets. International Journal of Management, Accounting and Economics, 2(9), 1114-1117.