ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluating the Factors Affecting SMEs Performance in Iran
Moving toward an open and competitive economy requires developing and supporting private sector and establishing small and medium-sized enterprises. This movement requires education, establishing job infrastructure, and knowledge transfer facilities in order to increase small and medium-sized businesses and also to develop entrepreneurship. These enterprises have affected world economy through four channels, i.e. entrepreneurship, innovation and change in technology, dynamism of industry, and eventually, creating job opportunities and increasing income. In the current study, the researcher tries to answer the question that “whether the innovation and marketing abilities, managers’ education, and work experiences have led to an improvement in small and medium-sized enterprises’ performances?” This research is performed using descriptive-survey method. The required information was collected by questionnaire, and descriptive and analytical statistical methods were employed in order to analyze the data by using SPSS. The results of the study indicated that there is a significant and positive relation between the innovation and marketing abilities, managers’ education, work experiences and the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises.
https://www.ijmae.com/article_115477_c8fcffb2ff85e8fb17a7a1fd6a36af55.pdf
2015-04-01
254
264
marketing capability
Innovation Capability
Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
Fereshteh
Lotfizadeh
lotfizadeh1981@gmail.com
1
Assistant Professor of Marketing, Department of Business Management, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nasibeh
Shamsi
2
Master of Business Administration, Department of Business Management, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
AUTHOR
Aramanesh. (2006). The Origin of Problems and the Capability of Quick and Entrepreneur Plans. Journal of Saderat Bank, Vol. 39, pp. 10-15.
1
Javanmard, H., & Gorgin, T. (2012), Reviewing the Relationship between Entrepreneurial Approach and Marketing Inn ovation with SMEs Performance, paper presented in The Fourth National Conference of Iranian Innovation Engineering and Management, Tehran.
2
Dolatabadi, R., & Fatemi, L. (2012) Analysis of the Effectiveness of Innovation Abilities on Enterprises Performance in Detergent Industries Based on Structural Equation Modeling, paper presented in the First National Conference of Industries Management and Systems, Islamic Azad University, Najaf Abad.
3
Safara, F., Dastranjmoghani, N., Heidarinejad, E., & Naderi, K. (2003), The Development Centers of Information Technology: Dimensions and Challenges, paper presented at the Ninth Annual Conference of Iran Computer Society, Sharif University, Tehran.
4
Tabatabayi, S., & Azhdari, A. (2008). Supporting Policies of Small Industries in Iran with Increasing Exporting Potential Approach. Tehran: Research Center of Parliament.
5
Malekinejad, A. (2006). Analysis of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Role in EconomicDevelopment. Rahbord-e Yas Journal, issue 8.
6
Iran Statistical Center. (2010). Survey Results of Industrial Workshops with 10-49 Employers.
7
Nasehifar, V., & Yarahmadi, M. (2011). Pathology and Prioritization of Government Supports from Small and Medium-sized Enterprises. Business Reviews, Vol 51, pp. 98-112.
8
Cohen, W., & Levinthal, D. (1998). Absorptive Capacity: a New Perspective on Learning and Innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol 35, p.1.
9
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Earnings Management Behavior: A Study on the Cement Industry of Bangladesh
This study has been done with the aim to identify whether there is any earnings management in the financial information of the cement industry in Bangladesh. Data have been composed from the annual reports of listed cement companies in Bangladesh covering the period of five years from 2009 to 2013. A comparative time series analysis has been done along with the help of Beniesh Model. The study reveals that some companies involved with the earnings manipulation because there are signs of highly volatile revenue and operating profit. Since the scope of this study is to find out whether there any earnings management exists, an enormous scope for further researches are possible in this area to find out the factors influencing to earnings manipulation in the cement industry in Bangladesh.
https://www.ijmae.com/article_115478_b4f661929b1859a51bd149d988b2c9c7.pdf
2015-04-01
265
276
Earnings Management
Beniesh Model
Reasons of Earnings Management
Cement Industry of Bangladesh
Helaluddin
Ahmed
hua.sujan@gmail.com
1
Senior Lecturer, Department of Business Administration, World University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
LEAD_AUTHOR
Md.
Azim
azimbikrom@gmail.com
2
Lecturer, Department of Business Administration, World University of Bangladesh
AUTHOR
Akers, M. D., Giacomino, D. E., & Bellovary, J. L. (2014, January 14). Earnings Management and Its Implications: Educating the Accounting Profession. The CPA Journal.
1
Amat, O., Elvira, O., & Platikanova, P. (2008). Earnings Management and Audit Adjustments: An Empirical Study of IBEX 35 Constituents. Working papers, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra ; 1129 .
2
Beattie, V., Brown, S., Ewers, D., John, B., Manson, S., D., T., & Turner, M. (2002). Extraordinary Items and Income Smoothing: A Positive Accounting Approach. Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, 21(6), 791-811.
3
Beneish, M. D. (1997). Detecting GAAP violation: Implications for assessing earnings management among firms with extreme financial performance. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 16(3), 271-309.
4
Beneish, M. D. (1999). Incentives and Penalties Related to Earnings Overstatements that Violate GAAP. The Accounting Review(4), 425-457.
5
Beneish, M. D., Vargus, M. E., & Press, E. G. (2012). Insider Trading and Earnings Management in Distressed Firms. Contemporary Accounting Research, 191-220.
6
Dechow, P. M., & Skinner, D. J. (2000). Earnings Management: Reconciling the Views of Accounting Academics, Practitioners, and Regulators. Accounting Horizons, 14(2), 235-250.
7
Dechow, P., Sloan, R., & Sweeney, A. (1996). Causes and Consequences of Earnings Manipulation: An Analysis of Firms Subject to Enforcement Actions by the SEC. Contemporary Accounting Research, 13(2), 1-47.
8
Defond, M., & Jiambalvo, J. (1994). Debt Covenant Violation and Manipulation of Accruals. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 17, 145-176.
9
Eilifsen, A., Knivsfla IV, K. H., & Saettem, F. (1999). Earnings manipulation: cost of capital versus tax. European Accounting Review, 8(3), 481-491.
10
Friebel, G., & Guriev, S. (2005). Earnings Manipulation and Incentives in Firms. Centre for Economic Policy Research, Discussion Paper:DP4861.
11
Healy, P. M. (1985). The Effect of Bonus Schemes on Accounting Decisions. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 7, 85-107.
12
Healy, P., & Wahlen, J. (1999). A Review of the Earnings Management Literature and its Implications for Standard Setting. Accounting Horizons, 13(4), 365-383.
13
ISA, T. (2011). Impacts and Losses Caused By the Fraudulent and Manipulated Financial Information on Economic Decisions. Review of International Comparative Management, 12(5), 929.
14
Jones, J. (1991). Earning Management during Import Relief Investigation. Journal of Accounting Research, 29, 193-228.
15
Kellogg, I., & B., K. L. (1991). Fraud, Window Dressing, and Negligence in Financial Statements. Commercial Law Series, McGraw-Hill.
16
Lev, B. (1989). On the Usefulness of earnings and Earnings Research: Lessons and Directions from Two Decades of Empirical Research. Journal of Accounting Research, 27 Supplement, 153-201.
17
Mulford, C. W., & Comiskey, E. E. (2002). 'The Financial Numbers Game' Detecting Creative Accounting Practices. JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.
18
Nelson, M. E. (2002). Evidence from Auditors about Managers' and Auditors' Earnings Management Decisions. Accounting Review, 77, 175-202.
19
Payne, J., & Robb., S. (1997). Earnings Management: The Effect of Ex-ante Earnings Expectations. Working Paper, University of Oklahoma, Norman.
20
Rangan, S. (1998). Earnings management and the performance of seasoned equity offerings. Journal of Financial Economics, 50, 101-122.
21
Richardson, S. A., Tuna, A. I., & Wu, M. (2002). Predicting Earnings Management: The Case of Earnings Restatements. Social Science Research Network, working paper series, October.
22
Schipper, K. (1989). Commentary on Earnings Management. Accounting Horizons, 91–102.
23
Sweeny, A. (1994). Debt Covenant Violations and Managers' Accounting Responses. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 17, 281-308.
24
Teoh, S. H., Welch, I., & Wong, T. J. (1998). Earnings management and the underperformance of seasoned equity offerings. Journal of Financial Economics, 50, 63-99.
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Measuring Employees Value: A Critical Study on Human Resources Accounting in India
Human Resource (HR) is most crucial, very important and sensitive factor used as an input for production. This factor was overlooked earlier for accounting purposes due to the availability of excess and unorganised manpower and relatively low cost. But after liberalization of Indian economy (in 1991) the importance of human resources were recognised. Although a little interest has been shown by professional accountancy bodies, like ICAI, ICSI and ICMAI on Human Resource Accounting (HRA) in Indian the importance is now given on HRA by public sector undertakings that have made pioneering attempts by disclosing Human Resource Values in their published annual reports. Similarly the other private companies are also disclosing the HR values in their financial statements. This paper seeks to present brief description of Concepts of HRA, analyse the disclosure in 5 major companies in India. The study also analyses the difference between the HRV, and to establish the relationship between Profitability and HRV with other predictor values like Net worth, Sales and EPS. By using ANOVA, Tukey post Hoc Test and multiple regression it was found that HRV and Sales are the predictor of Profitability in selected companies in India.
https://www.ijmae.com/article_115479_467ffbce575eb1eccce92308e6a7f333.pdf
2015-04-01
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Human Resource Value
Human Resource Accounting
Human Resource Valuation
Value per employee
Vineet
Chouhan
vineet.chouhan@spsu.ac.in
1
Assistant Professor, Sir Padampat Singhania University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nader
Naghshbandi
nader_naghshbandi@yahoo.com
2
Assistant Professor, Hakim Nezami Institution of Higher Education, Quchan, Iran
AUTHOR
AAA Committee. (1973). Report of the AAA Committee on Accounting for Human Resources. The Accounting Review, Supplement to, 48, 189.
1
Batra, G. S. & Bhatia, B. S. (1994). Human Resource Valuation: A Study of Indian Corporate Sector. Journal of Accounting and Finance, 8(1), 43-57.
2
Brooking, A. (1996). Intellectual Capital: Core Asset for the Third Millennium Enterprise, International Thomson Business Press, London, UK.
3
Bullen, Maria L., Eyler, Kel-Ann. (2012). Human resource accounting and international developments: implications for measurement of human capital. Journal of International Business and Cultural Studies, pp 1-16.
4
Caplan, E.H. and Landekich, S. (1974), Human Resource Accounting: Past, Present and Future, NAA.
5
Chakraborty, S. K. (1976). Human Asset Accounting: The Indian Context in Topics in Accounting and Finance. Oxford University Press.
6
Chandra, B., Goswami, S. and Chouhan, V., (2012). Investigating Attitude towards On-Line Advertising on Social Media – An Empirical Study. Management Insight, SMS Varanasi, VIII (1), June, pp 1-14.
7
Chouhan, V., (2008).Don’t forget ABC: Work is not Completed. Pacific Business Review, July-Sep, 1(2), pp 77-81
8
Dasgupta, N. D. (1978). Human Resource Accounting. New Delhi:Sultan Chand and Sons.
9
Edvinsson, L. and Malone, M.S. (1997). Intellectual Capital: Realizing Your Company’s True Value by Finding its Hidden Brainpower, Harper Business, New York, NY.
10
Elias, N. (1972). The Effects of Human Asset Statement on Investment Decision: An Empirical Research in Accounting. Journal of Accounting Research (Supplement Empirical Research in Accounting Selected Studies), 10, 215-233.
11
Episten, M.J. and Pava, M.L. (1993), The Shareholder’s Use of Corporate Annual Reports, IJAI Press, Greenwich, USA.
12
Flamholtz Eric G. (1974). Human Resource Accounting: A Review of Theory and Research, the Journal of Management Studies.
13
Flamholtz, E. G. & Likert, E. (1973). HRA: Measuring positional replacement costs. Human Resource Management 12(Spring), 8-16.
14
Flamholtz, E. G. (1971). A Model for Human Resource Valuation: A Stochastic Process with Services Rewards, Accounting Review, 46(2), 253-267.
15
Flamholtz, E. G. (1972). Towards a Theory of Human Resource Value in Formal Organizations. The Accounting Review, 48(4), 666-678.
16
Flamholtz, E. G. (1976). The Impact of Human Resource Valuation on Management Decision: A Laboratory Experiment. Accounting, Organization and Society, 1, 153-65.
17
Flamholtz, E.G. (1999). Human Resource Accounting – Advances in Concepts, Methods and Applications, Kluwer Academic, Boston, MA.
18
Gambling, T. E. (1974). A System Dynamic Approach to Human Resource Accounting. The Accounting Review, 49(3), 538-546.
19
Giles, W. J. & Robinson, D. F. (1972). Human Asset Accountants. Institute of Personnel Management and Institute of Cost and Management Accountants, London.
20
Gupta, D.K. (1991). Human Resource Accounting in India: A Perspective. Administrative Staff College of India Journal of Management, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 9-10.
21
Hekimian JS (1967). Put People on Your Balance Sheet. Harv. Bus. Rev., pp. 105-108.
22
Hermanson RH (1964). Accounting for human assets, Michigan State University Occasional Paper No. 14, Bureau of Business and Economic Research, East Lansing, Michigan.
23
Islam, M. A., M. Kamruzzaman, et al. (2013). Human Resource Accounting: Recognition and Disclosure of Accounting Methods & Techniques. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 13(3) pp. 4-7.
24
Islam, Md. Amirul, Kamruzzaman, Md. & Redwanuzzaman Md. (2013). Human Resource Accounting: Recognition and Disclosure of Accounting Methods & Techniques. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, Accounting and Auditing, 13(1), pp. 1-10
25
Jaggi B. A. (1774). Towards a Model for Human Resource Valuation. Acc. Rev., pp. 323-325.
26
Jaggi, B., and S. Lau. (1974). Toward a Model for Human Resource Valuation. The Accounting Review, 321-29.
27
Johanson, U., Martensson, M. And Skoog, M. (2001), Mobilizing Change Through Management Control of Intangibles, Accounting, Organizations and Society, 26(7-8), pp. 715-733.
28
Lev B, Schwarts A (1971). On the use of Economic Concept of Human Capital in Financial Statements. Acc. Rev., pp. 102-105.
29
Lev, B. & Schwartz, A. (1971). On the use of the Economic Concept of Human Capital in Financial Statements. Accounting Review, 46(1), 103-112.
30
Lev, B. (2001), Intangibles: Management, Measurement and Reporting, The Brookings Institution, Washington D.C., USA.
31
Likert, R. (1967), The Human Organization: Its Management and Value, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.
32
Likert, R. (1967). The Human Organization: In Management and Value. McGraw Hill Book Co, New York, 83-84.
33
Monti-Belkaoui, J. and Riahi-Belkaoui, A. (1995), Human Resource Valuation: A Guide to Strategies and Techniques, Quorom Books, West port, USA.
34
Morse, W. J. (1973). A Note on the Relationship between Human Asset and Capital. The Accounting Review, 37 (3), 589-593.
35
Myers, C. A. (1976). Human Resources Accounting. Monthly Labour Review, Vol. 99, Issue 4, April.
36
Myers, M.S. and Flowers (1974). A framework for measuring human assets. California Management Review, 16, summer, pp. 5-16.
37
Ogan, P. A. (1976). Human Resource Value Model for Professional Service Organizations. The Accounting Review, 51(2), 306.
38
Orens, R., Aerts, W., Lybaert, N., 2009. Intellectual capital disclosure cost of finance and firm value. Management Decision 47 (10), 1536-1554.
39
Orens, Raf. Walter Aerts, Nadine Lybaert. (2009). Intellectual capital disclosure, cost of finance and firm value, Management Decision, 47(10), pp. 1536-1554
40
Paton, W. (1962), Accounting Theory, Accounting Studies Press, Chicago, IL
41
Patra, R. & Khatik, S. K. (2003). HRA Policies and Practices: A Case Study of BHEL Limited, Bhopal, India. International Journal of HRD and Management, 3(4), 285-296.
42
Ponwell, G. And Schipper, K. (1999), Implication of Accounting Research for the SEC’s Consideration of International Accounting Standards for U.S. Securities Offerings, Accounting Horizons, 13(3), pp. 259-280.
43
Porwal, L. S. (1993), Accounting Theory, Second Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, New Delhi.
44
Prakash, O. (1997). Human Resource Accounting Practices in Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited. Finance India, 11(1), 92-94.
45
Rao, D. P. (1993). Human Asset Accounting: An Evaluation of the Indian Practices. ASCI Journal of Management, 22. 37- 42.
46
Rimmel, G. (2003). Human Resource Disclosures – A Comparison of Information, Providers and Users in Two Corporations, Presented in the 17th Nordic Conference on Business Studies, Scandinavian Academy of Management – NFF 2003.
47
Roslender, R. and Fincham, R. (2001). Thinking Critically about Intellectual Capital Accounting, Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 383-398.
48
Schwan, E. S. (1976). The Effects of Human Resource Accounting Data on Financial Decisions: An Empirical Test. Accounting. Organization and Society, 1(2), 219-237.
49
Sonara, C. K. & Patel, A. (2009). Valuation and Reporting Practices of Human Resource Accounting in India. The Management Accountant, 44, 16-19.
50
Stewart, T.A. (1997), Intellectual Capital: The New Wealth of Organizations, Nicholas Breadly Publishing Ltd., London, UK.
51
Sveiby, K.E. (1997), The New Organizational Wealth and Measuring Knowledge- Based Assets, Berrett- Koehler, San Francisco, USA.
52
Tomassini, L. A. (1977). Assessing the Impact of Human Resource Accounting: An Experimental Study of Managerial Decision Preferences. The Accounting Review, 52(4), 904-914.
53
Verma, S. B. (1999). HRA Practices in Public Sector Undertakings in India. The Management Accountant, 34(8), 575-582.
54
Weihrich, H. and Koontz, H. (1994), Management: A Global Perspective, Tenth Edition, McGraw-Hill International Editions, New York.
55
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Model for Evaluating the Impacts of Qualitative Characteristics on the Usefulness of Financial Reporting
The objective of accounting is to provide useful information for the users of financial reporting. The information is considered useful if it possess qualitative characteristics. In this regard, it is very important to examine the relationship between qualitative characteristics and usefulness of information. However, a literature review doesn’t contribute much to judge about the relationship between qualitative characteristics and the usefulness of financial reporting. This study aims to investigate the effects of qualitative characteristics on the usefulness of financial reporting. In this study, we have used structural equations model (SEM) to analyze the data. The PLS, LISREL and SPSS software were used to test the model, research validity and research reliability, respectively. The information of the study sample consisting of 185 firms was analyzed during the period 2000 to 2013. Except for understandability, all other qualitative characteristics had an impact on usefulness. Conservatism also had negative effect on usefulness. Based on the findings, it is recommended to omit conservatism from qualitative characteristics. Besides, considering that relevance has a greater impact on the usefulness than reliability, so it can be concluded that the users of financial statements are looking for relevant information in their decision making process and information reliability is a matter of secondary importance.
https://www.ijmae.com/article_115480_843b209dacfe47720621a78872c4cb09.pdf
2015-04-01
293
311
Attitude
intention
emotion
sponsorship
Halimeh
Rahmani
halimeh.rahmani@gmail.com
1
Department of Accounting, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hosein
Jabari
2
Department of Accounting, Kashan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kashan, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahmadi, Ahmad (2008), Using the Financial Information's Qualitative Characteristics for Evaluating Earning Quality, the Iranian Accounting and Auditing Review, Vol. 15, No 52, Pp3-16.
1
Ahmadpour, Ahmad, and Hosna Ghahramani (2010). Study of Accounting Information’s Reliability Qualitative Characteristic In Earning Quality Measures Of Companies, The Iranian Accounting and Auditing Review, 58.
2
Balachandran, Sudhakar V. And Partha S. Mohanram. (2005). Conservatism and the Value Relevance of Accounting Information, Avalable at Http://Www.Krannert.Purdue.Edu.
3
Barua, Abhijit. (2006). Using the Fasb's Qualitative Characteristics in Earnings Quality Measures, A Doctoral Dissertation, Faculty of the Louisiana State University.
4
Beest, F. V., Braam, G., And Boelens, S. (2009). Quality of Financial Reporting: Measuring Qualitative Characteristics, Nijmegen Center for Economics (Nice), Institute for Management Research, Radboud University Nijmegen.
5
Brown, W., H. He and K. Teitel. (2006). Conditional Conservatism and the Value Relevance of Accounting Earnings: An International Study, European Accounting Review, 15, 4, 605-626.
6
Collins, D. W., Maydew, E. L., & Weiss, I. S. (1997). Changes in the Value-Relevance of Earnings and Book Values over the Past Forty Years. Journal of Accounting & Economics, 24(1), 39.
7
Dastgir M.,Karimi Farzad,Moradi Amin (2009). Effects of Qualitative Characteristics Related To the Information Content on Earnings Quality, Financial Accounting; 1(1):38-59.
8
Defranco, G., Kothari, S., Verdi, R. (2008). The Value of Earnings Comparability, Working Paper, Mit Sloan School of Management.
9
Defranco, G., Kothari, S., Verdi, R. (2011). The Benefits Of Financial Statement Comparability, Journal Of Accounting Research, Volume 49, Issue 4, Pages 895–931.
10
Financial Accounting Standards Board (Fasb), (2008). Concept 2: Qualitative Characteristics of Financial Reporting.
11
Francis, J., Schipper, K. (1999). Have financial Statements Lost Their Relevance? Journal of Accounting Research 37, 319–352.
12
Hejazi, Rezvan, and Halimeh, Rahmani (2007). An Investigation Of The Reasons For The Unwillingness Of Investment Companies Listed In The Stock Exchange Market Of Tehran In Using Fair Market Values For Pricing Current Investments, Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanities Of Shiraz University; 26(1 (50));57-74.
13
International Accounting Standards Board (Iasb) (2008). Qualitative Characteristics of Financial Reporting.
14
Iranian Standard Setting Committee (1999). Conceptual Framework. Audit Organisation. Tehran.
15
Jonas, G. & Blanchet, J. (2000). Assessing Quality of Financial Reporting. Accounting Horizons, 14(3), 353-363.
16
Kam, V. (1990). Accounting Theory (Second Edition). New York: Wiley.
17
Mashayekhi, B., Mohammadi M., and Hearzadeh, R. (2010), Accounting Conservatism, Earnings Persistence and Earnings Distribution, the Iranian Accounting and Auditing Review, 56.
18
Novravesh, I., and Hosseini, A. (2010). Corporate Disclosure Quality (Consist Of Timeliness And Reliability) And Earnings Managemen, The Iranian Accounting And Auditing Review, 55.
19
Ohlson, J. (1995). Earnings, Book Values and Dividends in Equity Valuation. Contemporary Accounting Research 11: 661-687.
20
Penman, S.H. And X. Zhang. (2002). Accounting Conservatism, the Quality of Earnings, And Stock Returns, the Accounting Review, 77(2): 237-264.
21
Rahmani, A., Asnaashari, H. & Valizadeh Larijani, A. (2011). Conservatism and Content of Financial Statements Figures, Accounting and Audition Studies, 64.
22
Saqafi Ali (2011). Reliability and Earnings Quality – Financial Position Approach, Accounting Research, 16.
23
Saqafi Ali and Mahdi Sadidi (2008). The Effects of Accounting Conservatism on Earning Quality, Empirical Research in Financial Accounting, 18.
24
Scott, W. R. (2003). Financial Accounting Theory, 3th Edition, Prentice – Hal, Inc.
25
Stubben, S. R. (2010). Discretionary Revenues as a Measure of Earnings Management. Accounting Review 85(2): 695-717.
26
Wang, Zhe (Richard). (2009). Accounting Conservatism, Doctoral Thesis, Victoria University of Wellington.
27
Wendt, M. J. H. (2010). The Effect of Accounting Conservatism on Value Relevance of Financial Statements. Master's Thesis in Accounting, Auditing and Control, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Department Of Business Economics.
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Cost Control and Its Impact on the Survival of Nigeria Firms: A Case Study of Nigeria Bottling Company Plc.
The purpose of this research paper is to examine the importance of cost control and the various cost control method used and their impact on the survival of Nigeria firms. We used primary and secondary data sources. The primary data were obtained using a structure questionnaire which was administered to 30 randomly selected staff as well as discussion with some targeted staff of Nigeria Bottling Company Plc (NBC) Jos plant, Plateau State of Nigeria. The scoring on the questionnaire was done using a five point Likert scale. The secondary data sources comprised of journal articles, books, newspaper articles, company financial reports and internet. The student t-test statistic and comparative percentage were used to test the hypothesis and the significance level was α=0.05. This research discovered that 70% of the respondents were of the view that cost control has greatly helped in boosting profitability in the company and 13.3% were undecided while 16.7% disagreed. Seventy nine percent of those discussed with, strongly agree that cost management has boost the profitability of the company while 7% disagree and 14% undecided. The study revealed that the problem of manufacturing company is the high cost of overhead incurred in the company. These costs are getting out of what the company could bear. The paper recommended that mechanisms for conducting value analysis (incorporating value engineering) should be put in place on a permanent basis; a good budgeting process should also be put in place to control cost; Just – in – Time (JIT) techniques should be employed to meet production and sales requirement in Nigeria Bottling Company Plc.
https://www.ijmae.com/article_115481_6e895fe50de69c701047708ee6f097e0.pdf
2015-04-01
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324
Cost control
survival
and profitability
Value Analysis
budgeting and Nigeria firm
Lasisi
Olalekan
lasmanyk30@gmail.com
1
Department of Accounting, Federal Neuro Psychiatric Hospital, Kaduna State, Nigeria
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nuhu
Tajudeen
funshonuhu@yahoo.com
2
Former Head of Training and Research, Federal Neuro Psychiatric Hospital, Kaduna State, Nigeria
AUTHOR
Abdulaye, B (2006), International monetary fund development with Nigeria gross domestic project. The punch newspaper, Tuesday, May 2, 2006. Vol, 17.
1
Adam, A.J (2005), Public policy and industrialization in Nigeria publication of central bank of Nigeria. Vol. 29, No2. April – June, 2005
2
Adeniyi A.A, (2008), An insight into: Management Accounting, 4th Edition: El- Toda Ventures Limited.
3
Agara I.G, (2005), Management Accounting: Effective managerial tool: Igaman Nigeria Publishing, Abuja, Nigeria.
4
Ayodele E.O, Alabi M.O, (2014), Effect of cost control on building projects delivery in Nigeria: Civil and environment research, ISSN 2224-5790 (paper) ISSN 2225-0514 (online), Vol 6, No 2, 2014.
5
Barbole A.N, Yuvraj D.N, Santosh.D.P, (2013), Impact of cost control and cost reduction techniques on manufacturing sector; Indian streams research journal, vol 3, issue. 5, june 2013. ISSN:-2230-7850.
6
Berliner C, (1998), Cost management for today’s advanced manufacturing: The CAM-I conceptual design. Boston: Harvard business school press.
7
Cochran, W. G. (1963). Sampling Techniques, 2nd Ed., New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
8
Drury C, (2004), Management and cost accounting, 6th edition: London: Book power (ELST)
9
Emengini S.E, Ezuwore O.C, Ofoegbu G, (2014), Product cost management in development countries: Activity – based costing: Research journal of finance and accounting. ISSN 2222-1697(paper) ISSN 2222-2847(online), Vol 5, No 2, 2014.
10
Horngren C.T, Foster G, Datar S.M. (2002), Tenth Edition Cost accounting; A managerial emphasis: Prentice-hall of India. Private limited. New Delhi.
11
I.C.A.N, (2009), Institute of chartered accountant of Nigeria, management accounting study pack, 2009: IV publisher, lagos state, Nigeria.
12
Idufueko, A.O, (2006), Partnering for enhanced success of needs: The reviews and role of the private sector in Nigeria. The punch news paper, Monday 8, page 20.
13
Oyewo B.M, (2013), Strategic cost management as a recession survival tool in the Nigerian manufacturing and financial service industries: Research journal of finance and accounting, ISSN 2222-1697(paper) ISSN 2222-2847(online), Vol 4, No 11, 2013.
14
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Emotion and Sponsorship: Case of Television Sponsorship
Sponsorship is a mode of communication that has led to the emergence of a growing body of literature. Most studies on sponsorship focused on the latter’s effectiveness yet were limited to the study of the influence of individual and situational variables. It was only recently that research on sponsorship had developed an interest in emotions. Some authors have addressed this issue from an empirical standpoint. The present article attempts to examine the impact of emotional reactions to a sponsored program on consumer behavior in terms of the attitude towards the brand and the purchase intention. The empirical study focused on the case of television sponsorship and specifically on sports programs in Tunisia. A survey was conducted on a sample of 200 individuals. The results show the positive effect of emotions on attitude towards the brand and the purchase intention.
https://www.ijmae.com/article_115482_47bed18ab492faccc152cac87d08f721.pdf
2015-04-01
325
338
Attitude
intention
emotion
sponsorship
Faouzia
Mida
faouzia.mida@yahoo.com
1
Department of Management, ESSECT, Tunis, Tunisia
LEAD_AUTHOR
Imed
Zaiem
2
Management, FSEGN, Nabeul, Tunisia
AUTHOR
Abbassi W. (2007). Efficacité du sponsoring sportif selon la condition d’exposition à l’événement, Thèse de doctorat en Sciences de Gestion, Université Paul-Cézanne, IAE, Aix-en- Provence.
1
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2
Anne F., Chéron E.J. (1991). Mesure de l’efficacité du sponsoring : une analyse des effets intermédiaires sur l’audience directe de l’événement. Revue Française du Marketing, 131, 69-81.
3
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4
Bal C. (2010). Emotions and persuasion: An affective model of persuasion for sport sponsorship, Thèse de doctorat en sciences de gestion, Université de Paris І Panthéon-Sorbonne.
5
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6
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7
Cegarra J.J. (1994). La place du sponsoring dans la stratégie marketing de l’entreprise. Revue Française du Marketing, 150, 47-53.
8
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9
Copeland R., Frisby W. and McCarville R. (1996). Understanding the sport sponsorship process from a corporate perspective. Journal of Sport Management, 10, 1, 32-48.
10
Cornwell T.B., Maignan I. (1998). An international review of sponsorship research. Academic Research Library, 27, 1, 1-21.
11
Courbet D. (2005). Nonconscious influence of TV sponsorship: Effects of emotions on the implicit attitude toward the sponsor, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 1-32.
12
Dees W., Bennett G. and Villegas J. (2008). Measuring the Effectiveness of Sponsorship of an Elite Intercollegiate Football Program. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 17, 79-89, West Virginia University.
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21
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22
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23
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24
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25
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37
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38
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39
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42
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43
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44
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46
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47
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48
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49
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50
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52
Walliser B. (1994b). L’efficacité du parrainage sportif au sein de la communication d’entreprise, Thèse de doctorat en Sciences de Gestion, Université PMF de Grenoble, Ecole Supérieure des Affaires.
53
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Daily Uganda Shilling/United States Dollar Exchange Rates Modeling by Box-Jenkins Techniques
A 180-point daily exchange rate series of the Uganda shilling (UGX) and the United States dollar (USD) covering from 25 August 2014 to 20 February 2015 is analyzed by seasonal Box-Jenkins methods. A time-plot of the series shows an upward trend indicating a relative depreciation of the UGX. A seven-day differencing of the series yield a series that is adjudged stationary by the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) Test. However, its correlogram contradicts a stationarity hypothesis. A non-seasonal differencing of this series produces a series adjudged as stationary and having an autocorrelation function that suggests two models, namely: a SARIMA(0,1,1)x(0,1,1)7 and a SARIMA(0,1,1)x(1,1,1)7. Diagnostic checking methods used to compare the two models reveal that the former model is the more adequate model. Hence it is proposed that the exchange rates follow a SARIMA(0,1,1)x(0,1,1)7 model. Forecasting might therefore be based on this model.
https://www.ijmae.com/article_115483_b7fbb50745e1d0f3e20ea1a8965b7471.pdf
2015-04-01
425
431
Uganda shilling
United States Dollar
foreign exchange rates
SARIMA modeling
Ette
Etuk
ettehetuk@gmail.com
1
Department of Mathematics/Computer Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
LEAD_AUTHOR
Bazinzi
Natamba
bnatamba@mubs.ac.ug
2
Department of Accounting, Faculty of Commerce, Makerere University Business School, Kampala, Uganda
AUTHOR
Bhatnagar, S., Lal, V., Gupta, S. D., & Gupta, O. P. (2012). Forecasting incidence of dengue in Rajasthan, using time series analyses. Indian Journal of Public Health, 56(4): 281 – 285.
1
Box, G. E. P., & Jenkins, G.M. (1976). Time Series Analysis, Forecasting and Control. San Francisco: Holden-Day.
2
Etuk, E. H., & Victor-Edema, U. A. (2014). Sarima Modelling of Nigerian Bank Prime Lending Rates. Communications in Mathematical Finance, 3(2): 21-31.
3
Gikungu, S. W., Waitutu, A. G., & Kihoro, J. M. (2015). Forecasting Inflation rate in Kenya usung Sarima model. American Journal of Theoritical and Applied Statistics, 4(1): 15 – 18.
4
Mostafaei, H., & Sakhabakhsh, L. (2011). Using SARFIMA and SARIMA Models to study and predict the Iraqi Oil Production. Journal of Basic and Applied Science Research, 1(10): 1715 – 1723.
5
Puttranurakyothin, T., & Kumnungkit, K. (2012). Forecasting Model for Para Rubber’s Export Sales. KMITL Science Technology Journal, 12(2): 198 – 202.
6
Zhang, X., Pang, Y., Cul, M., Stallones, L., & Xiang, H. (2015). Forecasting mortality of road traffic injuries in China using seasonal autoregressive moving average model. Annals of Epidemiology, 25(2): 101 – 106.
7