Economics
Mohammad Lashkari; Farahnaz Jahanbakhsh
Abstract
This article examines the effect of the increase in the cost of living on the age of marriage in Iran. Age of marriage, reproductive age and number of children are used as dependent variables and income, unemployment and living expenses are used as independent variables in this article. The required ...
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This article examines the effect of the increase in the cost of living on the age of marriage in Iran. Age of marriage, reproductive age and number of children are used as dependent variables and income, unemployment and living expenses are used as independent variables in this article. The required data was collected from the distribution of 384 questionnaires among single and married men and women. For data analysis, one-sample t-test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test were used. According to the results obtained from the data analysis, with the increase in the cost of living, the age of marriage and reproductive age also increases, and also with the increase in the cost of living, the desire to have more children decreases, and there is a significant relationship between income and the number of children. This is despite the fact that there is no significant relationship between unemployment and marriage age, if unemployment and income and living expenses are dependent on each other, but in the statistical population of this article, unemployment does not explain its effect on marriage age correctly. Also, there is an inverse relationship between the amount of income and the age of marriage.
Economics
Mohammad Nazmus Sakib; Abu Hurira; Md Ariful Islam
Abstract
The SARS COV2 pandemic hits the life and livelihoods of millions and consequently slows down the world economy. The pandemic hits hard the specific social groups due to travel restrictions/bans and other regulations that affect their income and consumption patterns. The goal of this paper is to find ...
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The SARS COV2 pandemic hits the life and livelihoods of millions and consequently slows down the world economy. The pandemic hits hard the specific social groups due to travel restrictions/bans and other regulations that affect their income and consumption patterns. The goal of this paper is to find out whether the pandemic has any effect on consumption and income patterns among consumers in rural settings. To implement this study, structured questionnaires were sent to respondents and collect data from 180 samples living in rural areas of four different administrative districts in Bangladesh such as Rajshahi, Bogura, Naogaon, and Natore. Using paired sample T-test (parametric) and Wilcoxon signed ranked test (nonparametric) test found that pandemics had a significant effect on the pattern of consumption and income in the northern area of Bangladesh. While the Keynesian method of income determination shows that the MPC before the COVID-19 pandemic was 0.31 and during it was 0.37. This shows that consumers would like to consume at a higher level compared to them before the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, the study revealed that though the pandemic significantly affect consumers’ income to reduce, consumption levels inclines fuelled by the fear of panic buying during the pandemic. Government should have preparedness to provide essential goods during any natural disasters or pandemic-like events.
Economics
Elnaz Hajebi; Mohammad Taher Ahmadi Shadmehri; Kambiz Peykarjou; Salman Sotoudehnia
Abstract
In the theory of microeconomics, in discussions related to consumer behavior, it is usually assumed that the household acts as a decision-making unit like an individual, and for a household, a budget constraint and a utility function are considered. As a result, only the general behavior of the household ...
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In the theory of microeconomics, in discussions related to consumer behavior, it is usually assumed that the household acts as a decision-making unit like an individual, and for a household, a budget constraint and a utility function are considered. As a result, only the general behavior of the household will be observable and analyzed. Since the 1980s, this method, which is called the Unitary Household Model, has been criticized theoretically and empirically, and issues such as the inequality of household members have been raised. In contrast to the Unitary Household model, Collective Household Model was proposed in consumer behavior. According to this method, in multi-member households, each member has their own preferences, and what can be important between these members is the intra-household bargaining process. In this article, at first, we will give an introduction including the theoretical foundation and the background of the research, then, while introducing the unitary model as an introduction to collective models, we will examine the collective model and inta-household collective models. At the end, the contents are summarized and suggestions for future research are presented.
