Economics
Idongesit Edem Udoh; Ubong Edem Effiong; John Polycarp Ekpe
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to empirically examine the influence of globalization on income inequality in Nigeria from 1986 to 2021. The income inequality was represented by the Gini coefficient while globalization was measured by key indices like foreign direct investment, remittances, and ...
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The main objective of this study was to empirically examine the influence of globalization on income inequality in Nigeria from 1986 to 2021. The income inequality was represented by the Gini coefficient while globalization was measured by key indices like foreign direct investment, remittances, and trade openness. With the use of the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach which was as a result of the stationary of our series at levels and first difference as reported by the Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test, the study observed that a long-run relationship exists amid inequality and measures of globalization. In the short-run, it was realized that foreign direct investment, remittances, trade openness, and urbanization aided in reducing income inequality in the short-run while inflation accelerated income inequality within the study period. In the long-run, the only measure of globalization that significantly reduce income inequality is remittances; while foreign direct investment significantly increased income inequality in the long-run. the paper concluded that it is not inevitable that measures of globalization have different influence on inequality of income and wealth depending on time.
Nooshin Karimi Alavijeh; Sorour Chehrazi Madreseh; Sayyed Abdolmajid Jalaee
Volume 4, Issue 7 , July 2017, , Pages 682-691
Abstract
Inequality in income distribution is the source of injustices such as class differences based on wealth, incomes, and consumption among members of society. Achieving fair distribution of income requires the proper use of economic instruments among which monetary policy is the most important tool. In ...
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Inequality in income distribution is the source of injustices such as class differences based on wealth, incomes, and consumption among members of society. Achieving fair distribution of income requires the proper use of economic instruments among which monetary policy is the most important tool. In this study, using annual data from 1979-2013, the effects of liquidity volume (monetary policy index) on inequality of income distribution (using Gini coefficient inequality index) have been addressed. Therefore, Gini coefficient function was estimated with particle swarm optimization algorithm and genetic algorithm. And based on performance assessment criteria, the model with particle swarm optimization algorithm was chosen to study the impact of monetary policy on income distribution in Iran. Research results show that the relation of liquidity volume variable with direct income distribution and the relation of government expenses with income distribution are significant and indirect. Also, the results show that by increasing human development index, income inequality in society increases and rising inflation reduces inequality of income distribution.
Aram Sepehrivand; Mohammad Ebrahimi
Volume 4, Issue 3 , March 2017, , Pages 238-251
Abstract
As a socioeconomic index, inequality in distribution of income and wealth is considered as a marginally sensitive political variable that is simultaneously highly prone to being affected by political structures. On this basis, the recent process of democratization has yielded in occurrence of a series ...
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As a socioeconomic index, inequality in distribution of income and wealth is considered as a marginally sensitive political variable that is simultaneously highly prone to being affected by political structures. On this basis, the recent process of democratization has yielded in occurrence of a series of economic evolutions among which, the most disputed one is redistribution of income and inequality of the former and wealth. The objective of the present research is to investigate and compare the relation between democracy and distribution of income in a selection of member countries of OECD and those of The Islamic Conference between 2001 and 2014. The econometric method used in this research is panel data regression. Results indicate that democracy has a significant impact on GINI coefficient among member countries of OECD and The Islamic Conference. In terms of reduction GINI coefficient, democracy has a greater impact on member countries of OECD compared to those of The Islamic Conference. This shows that compared to member countries of The Islamic Conference, member countries of OECD are more sensitive to democracy. In other words in such societies the right for having a voice expands to the lower classes and economic decision makings are removed from the mere dominance of the few wealthy. In this case, the voters are those who belong to classes of lower incomes and respectively, the tax rate that determines the amount of redistribution and is obtained through polling, increases and resultantly redistribution increases. This is followed by improved living conditions among the poor and the needy people.
Nooshin Karimi Alavijeh; Sayyed Abdolmajid Jalaee
Volume 3, Issue 2 , February 2016, , Pages 139-146
Abstract
Increasing financial depth is one of the main concerns of policy makers as a prerequisite for economic growth. And since poverty is one of the most important economic and social complications as well as a barrier for reaching financial development, this study tries to investigate the effects of the Gini ...
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Increasing financial depth is one of the main concerns of policy makers as a prerequisite for economic growth. And since poverty is one of the most important economic and social complications as well as a barrier for reaching financial development, this study tries to investigate the effects of the Gini coefficient, as a poverty measure for income strata, on financial depth during the time period between 1990 and 2011 using combinatorial data analysis. The results of the study show that there is a positive relationship between Gini coefficient in each income stratum and financial depth, which implies that increasing the financial depth does not decrease poverty in each income stratum. Moreover, there is a negative relationship between government expenses and financial depth in Iran. On the other hand, it can be said that increasing the degree of economic openness and inflation have a positive impact on financial depth.