Economics
Sahar Qaiser
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the long run relationship of Industrialization and Economic Growth in Pakistan. The time series data from 1976-2015 is used. The main source of data is World Development Indicator (WDI). Gross Domestic Product is used as dependent variable, while Industrial ...
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the long run relationship of Industrialization and Economic Growth in Pakistan. The time series data from 1976-2015 is used. The main source of data is World Development Indicator (WDI). Gross Domestic Product is used as dependent variable, while Industrial Output, Foreign Direct Investment, Saving and Inflation are used as the independent variables. The ARDL testing Approach has been applied on the data. After it, the stability of the function was tested by CUSUM. The results of ARDL bound testing reveals the long run association between industrial output and GDP. This study shows that an increase in Industrial Output increases the Gross Domestic Product in Pakistan. In the end, the stability of results is confirmed by CUSUM test.
Claudia Nyarko Mensah; Hannah Vivian Osei; Lamini Dauda; Muhammad Salman
Volume 6, Issue 12 , December 2019, , Pages 862-890
Abstract
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has a long standing history of contributing to economic growth of nations. Nations invest and get invested, however, focus has always been on investing or been invested but the impact created as a result of the two on the economies have not yet been examined. Whether the ...
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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has a long standing history of contributing to economic growth of nations. Nations invest and get invested, however, focus has always been on investing or been invested but the impact created as a result of the two on the economies have not yet been examined. Whether the impact of the difference creates ditch or bump get investigated in this research work, employing an extended Cobb Douglas function. Our estimation methods were Fully Modified Least Square (FMOLS) and Auto-regressive Distributed Lag Models (ARDL). We conducted a preliminary test to avoid spurious regression results by using ARDL Bound test, Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Phillips-Perron unit root test for cointegration and stationerity test. We found that some economies saw ditches with the difference whilst others experienced bumps, however, others felt no impact with the difference.
Saeed Karimi Petanlar; Saeed Rasekhi; Somayeh Ebrahimzadeh
Volume 3, Issue 9 , September 2016, , Pages 459-472
Abstract
The purpose of the present research is to study the effect of foreign direct investment on employment in tourism. In this regard, the effect of foreign direct investment as well as gross domestic production (GDP), tax rate, and globalization index as explanatory variables are studied on tourism employment ...
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The purpose of the present research is to study the effect of foreign direct investment on employment in tourism. In this regard, the effect of foreign direct investment as well as gross domestic production (GDP), tax rate, and globalization index as explanatory variables are studied on tourism employment as dependent variable using panel data econometrics through statistical data of 48 selected countries including Iran within 2009-2013. The results indicate that foreign direct investment negatively influences employment in tourism among the selected countries. Regarding tourism as a user sector and since foreign direct investment is associated with technology transfer and as many labor services may not be substituted by technology, attracting foreign investment is less than other sectors. Therefore, the professions are created by foreign investment in more attracting industries. Thus, it concluded that foreign direct investment attracts tourism sector workforce and reduces employment through creating professions in other economic sectors. It can be stated that this significant effect is maintained. Moreover, the effect of GDP and tax rate is positive; whereas, the globalization index variable is negative, which is consistent with the experimental results of previous studies.
Nupur Goel; Ashwani Mahajan
Volume 2, Issue 11 , November 2015, , Pages 1340-1348
Abstract
Indian retail sector is in the nascent stage, even though India has become an attractive place or target for foreign players due to one of the largest consumer markets in the world. At present, around 92 percent retail sector comes under the unorganized retail and 8 percent of retail belongs to the organized ...
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Indian retail sector is in the nascent stage, even though India has become an attractive place or target for foreign players due to one of the largest consumer markets in the world. At present, around 92 percent retail sector comes under the unorganized retail and 8 percent of retail belongs to the organized retail. Because of modern style of consumer’s buying behavior, organized retail has become more famous in big cities. Earlier, entry of foreign retailers was restricted in India but now Government has opened its doors wide for single brand retail and only 51 percent FDI is allowed in multi brand retail. The present paper is an attempt to analyze the perceptions of consumers about foreign direct investment (FDI) in retail through questionnaire and interpreted by SPSS software. This research study presents an overview of Indian retail segment, current policy of Foreign Direct Investment in retail and the correlation between the foreign direct investment in retail and consumer purchasing behavior. It also includes the views of consumers for the perception of buying capacity, shopping style, quality of product, brand consciousness and monopoly situation of market.
