Economics
Laban Gasper; George Andwilile Abrahamu
Abstract
Petroleum is one of the vital sources of energy for economic activities and the most traded commodity worldwide. It is crucial to industry and civilization and as it meets a substantial portion of the world's energy requirements, it has a big impact on global politics and intergovernmental relations. ...
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Petroleum is one of the vital sources of energy for economic activities and the most traded commodity worldwide. It is crucial to industry and civilization and as it meets a substantial portion of the world's energy requirements, it has a big impact on global politics and intergovernmental relations. Given the importance of oil to the economy, projecting crude prices has received a lot of focus in the literature. The primary goal of this research is to assess how well Holt's technique and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) forecast the petroleum prices in Tanzania. To determine whether the model is more reliable at predicting the prices of petrol in Tanzania, a comparative analysis was perfumed. Monthly data on petroleum prices were extracted from the bank of Tanzania website between February, 2004 to May, 2023. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), mean absolute error (MAE), and mean squared error (MSE) were used to evaluate the predictive ability of the ARIMA and double exponential smoothing models. The findings indicated that ARIMA (1,1,1) outperformed double exponential smoothing model for forecasting the prices of petrol in Tanzania. The result of this study will guide policy makers and investors in the energy sector to make wise decisions through accurate prediction of the price of petroleum in the future.
Economics
Gomolemo Gashiten; Paidamoyo Mutepfa
Abstract
The study followed up on the observations made by Bara et al., (2016) who observed that there was a deficit in analyzing the growth-finance nexus using data from SADC countries. The purpose of the study was therefore to ascertain the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth through the ...
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The study followed up on the observations made by Bara et al., (2016) who observed that there was a deficit in analyzing the growth-finance nexus using data from SADC countries. The purpose of the study was therefore to ascertain the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth through the domestic financial market channel of SADC countries. A sample of countries from the SADC region was employed with the data ranging from 1980 to 2018. The data was obtained from the IMF and the World Bank’s World Development Indicator data base. The regressors used in the study include foreign direct investment, financial sector development, interaction of financial development and foreign direct investment, trade openness, gross capital formation, inflation and government expenditure. Fixed Effects panel regression was used after the Hausman Test revealed that the FEM was the most appropriate model. The outcome of the study revealed that FDI does not have a statistically significant impact on GDP without the interaction with financial sector development. However, the effects were amplified when financial sector development is introduced in the model. With the presence of financial sector development, FDI had a positive and statistically significant impact on GDP and at the same time financial sector development had a positive impact on GDP. Recommendations emanating from the study encourage monetary authorities to strengthen their financial services sector so as to fully benefit from FDI.
Zeinab Azami
Volume 3, Issue 11 , November 2016, , Pages 650-663
Abstract
This paper investigates the relationship between the components of corporate governance structure including board characteristics, ownership structure, and financial leverage in the companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange. The aim to this study is to examine the impact of board size, percent of non-executive ...
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This paper investigates the relationship between the components of corporate governance structure including board characteristics, ownership structure, and financial leverage in the companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange. The aim to this study is to examine the impact of board size, percent of non-executive directors, CEO-Chairman duality, percent of managerial ownership, institutional ownership, and governmental ownership on financial leverage of companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange .In order to investigate research hypotheses, the data of 133 companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2006 to 2014 has been investigated by implementing regression models based on panel data. In order to measure financial leverage, total debt ratio and the ratio of long-term debt to total assets were used. The results obtained from research indicate that there is a statistically significant and positive relationship between board size, the percentage of non-executive directors, and institutional ownership, CEO-Chairman duality and financial leverage; while, there is a significant and negative relationship between managerial ownership and financial leverage. Also, there is a significant and negative relation between long-term debt ratio and governmental ownership, while no significant relationship was found between total debt ratio and governmental ownership. Altogether, these findings prove the significant role of board characteristics and ownership structure on financing decisions made by firms.
Accounting
Niyi Solomon Awotomilusi
Abstract
This study empirically examined time pressure influence on audit quality of audit firms in Abuja, Nigeria. Specifically, the study examined the effect of unreasonable deadlines for reporting on audit quality; effect of intense competition among audit partners on audit quality and the effect of work stress ...
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This study empirically examined time pressure influence on audit quality of audit firms in Abuja, Nigeria. Specifically, the study examined the effect of unreasonable deadlines for reporting on audit quality; effect of intense competition among audit partners on audit quality and the effect of work stress on the audit quality. Primary data were gathered through the questionnaire administered on principal partners of selected audit firms in Abuja, Nigeria. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result of the study shows that unreasonable deadlines and intense competition among audit partners have significant effects on the quality of audit reporting. In other vein, work stress of the auditors was found to have no significant effect on audit quality in Nigeria. The study recommends that unreasonable deadlines should not be set for auditors, auditors should be encouraged to involve in moderate competition and work stress should not be allowed to influence their audit reports.
Accounting
Mohammad Hadi Sobhanian; Salah Salimian; Azadeh Ashrafi
Abstract
The tax gap can be considered as the criterion and principle of the effectiveness and efficiency of the tax system. Inadequate collection of taxes as well as non-realization of tax revenues is called tax gap, which is one of the factors that aggravate the budget deficit. In this paper, the issue of tax ...
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The tax gap can be considered as the criterion and principle of the effectiveness and efficiency of the tax system. Inadequate collection of taxes as well as non-realization of tax revenues is called tax gap, which is one of the factors that aggravate the budget deficit. In this paper, the issue of tax gap is investigated with two approaches. The first approach is a situation where two groups of investigators who are willing and unwilling to collude with two groups of taxpayers who are willing and unwilling to collude with a uniform distribution are placed in the game. The second approach also shows a situation where the probability of not discovering a taxpayer's violation is shown by a mathematical function and the quality of investigating groups for taxpayers who are uniformly distributed is unknown. The results of the first approach show that with the increase in the number of taxpayers unwilling to collude and the increase in the number of groups willing to collude with taxpayers, the tax gap decreases. Also, with the reduction of the tax rate and the increase in the number of groups unwilling to collude, the tax gap increases. The results of the second approach show that the tax gap increases with the increase in the number of investigators and also the increase in the probability of dishonesty of the taxpayer.
Management
Farha Siddique; Abu Hurira; Mohammad Nazmus Sakib
Abstract
It is conceivable to question why highly educated and competent workers are permitted to leave their employment. The determination of this paper is to identify the important issues prompting worker retaining in the northern Bangladesh NGO sector and to examine how staff retention impacts on logistic ...
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It is conceivable to question why highly educated and competent workers are permitted to leave their employment. The determination of this paper is to identify the important issues prompting worker retaining in the northern Bangladesh NGO sector and to examine how staff retention impacts on logistic performance. Some of the things that are looked at in this study as retention drivers are economic stability, psychological security, connections with coworkers, and self-actualization. With a simple random sampling method and a questionnaire, the employees are polled to get the important information. We selected Rajshahi, Bogra, Natore, and Kushtia as well as four NGOs from each district for the random sample. Each NGO conducted ten worker interviews for data collection. The total number of samples is 160. SEM-SPLS examines data, evaluates the research model and hypotheses, and tests the study model and hypotheses. There are economic, psychological, interpersonal, and self-actualization aspects of employee retention. The paper covers the hypothetical and applied ramifications of the inquiry.
Economics
Elham Kamal
Abstract
This paper sheds a new light on the role of central bank credibility (CBC) in explaining the extent of exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) in two stages. In the first stage, using 60 months rolling window regression of the inflation on the nominal effective exchange rate is obtained time-varying ERPT during ...
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This paper sheds a new light on the role of central bank credibility (CBC) in explaining the extent of exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) in two stages. In the first stage, using 60 months rolling window regression of the inflation on the nominal effective exchange rate is obtained time-varying ERPT during 1990m1-2020m1. Once the credibility index (deviation of average of past inflation from target) is computed over a period of 29 years (1991-2019), in the second stage, the sample of 19 inflation targeting (IT) economies are split into different regimes with regard to the credibility values by using a Panel Threshold Regression (PTR) model. Our empirical result shows that there is one threshold point for CBC which is well identified by the data, allowing me to split my sample into two credibility regimes. When CBC level is below a threshold of 35% within a high-inflation environment, the extent of the ERPT coefficient is found to be higher. However, with the shift towards high-credibility regime, when credibility level is exceeding the threshold of 35%, the level of pass-through is significantly declining in the IT countries. This finding sheds further light on how the credibility gained through the commitment to the targets can be effective on the performance of the central bank and would ensure the better control of the pass-through.
Management
Fizza Saeed; You Jun
Abstract
This research studies the influence of transformative leadership (TL) on retaining employees (ER) in businesses, as well as the function of job embeddedness (JE) as a mediating factor. 428 individuals were surveyed for information from diverse firms using convenience sampling. Numerous associations were ...
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This research studies the influence of transformative leadership (TL) on retaining employees (ER) in businesses, as well as the function of job embeddedness (JE) as a mediating factor. 428 individuals were surveyed for information from diverse firms using convenience sampling. Numerous associations were estimated using smart PLS structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). All of these criteria show a considerable positive connection, as hypothesized. This analysis contains a number of insights that will benefit the individual in the corporate sector. From the outcomes, transformative leadership and ER have a favorable and substantial relationship. Correspondingly JE and ER were found to have a significantly positive relationship. JE served as a stimulating mediator in the interaction between transformative leadership and staff retention. Leaders should employ transformational leadership traits include creating a vision statement for employees, emphasizing on desired outcomes, implementing challenge solutions, having a purpose and direction, and devoting time to team professional development to increase JE and ER.
Management
Andika Andika; Nadia Nadia; Bimo Harnaji; Mohamad Najmudin
Abstract
Amidst growing concerns about environmental degradation, global trends increasingly emphasize the urgency to adopt eco-friendly consumption patterns. This paradigm shift drives the emergence of sustainability-centered products, especially in the cosmetics sector. Despite experiencing substantial growth, ...
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Amidst growing concerns about environmental degradation, global trends increasingly emphasize the urgency to adopt eco-friendly consumption patterns. This paradigm shift drives the emergence of sustainability-centered products, especially in the cosmetics sector. Despite experiencing substantial growth, the eco-friendly cosmetics industry in Indonesia continues to grapple with various obstacles that require resolution. In addition, researchers' attention to green cosmetics still needs to be increased. This study integrates environmental consciousness into the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) framework to bridge this research gap. The main objective is to comprehensively examine consumers' intention to purchase environmentally friendly cosmetic products. By employing a quantitative approach, we surveyed a sample of 305 respondents from Indonesia. The collected data was then analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique to validate the hypotheses. The results showed that environmental consciousness and subjective norms directly and significantly affect consumer attitudes. Likewise, environmental consciousness, subjective norms, and consumer attitudes influence consumers' intention to purchase green cosmetics. In addition, it was revealed that consumer attitude serves as a potential mediator in mediating the effect of environmental consciousness and subjective norms on consumer purchase intention. This study offers insights into sustainable cosmetics. Companies can use this to enhance marketing strategies for environmentally conscious products.
Management
Seyed Amirhossein Shojaei
Abstract
This paper investigates the impact of diversification strategy on firm performance. The paper looks into three dimensions of diversification strategy in terms of staff, product and geographical presence, using return on asset (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) to proxy for financial performance. Using ...
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This paper investigates the impact of diversification strategy on firm performance. The paper looks into three dimensions of diversification strategy in terms of staff, product and geographical presence, using return on asset (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) to proxy for financial performance. Using the fixed effects regression estimation method to analyze the data of 30 Iranian insurance companies in the period from 2012-2021, the article finds a significant positive impact of diversification in terms of staff education on ROA, while the relationships between staff diversification in terms of gender and experience with ROA are significantly negative. No significant relationship is found between diversification in terms of geographical presence, insurance policy, and premium with ROA. When ROE measures financial performance, the research reports significantly positive effects of diversification on ROE in terms of education and insurance policy. In contrast, the relationships between diversification in terms of gender and premium with ROE are found to be significantly negative. Meanwhile, the effects of diversification on ROE in terms of geographical presence and experience are insignificant. The paper contributes to the literature on diversification strategy by developing specific models to measure staff, geographic and product diversification strategies in the insurance industry. It also adds to the literature on the diversification-performance nexus by bringing fresh insight into the multiple dimensions of diversification strategies and their impacts on firms' profitability.
Accounting
Sherif Nagy Mohamed; Ahmad Abdelsalam Abu-Musa; Amal Mahmoud El-Ghaish
Abstract
This study provides a proposed digital platform for accounting disclosure of corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance. The purpose of this digital platform is to help companies disclose their sustainability performance in accordance with international standards by providing a platform for activities ...
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This study provides a proposed digital platform for accounting disclosure of corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance. The purpose of this digital platform is to help companies disclose their sustainability performance in accordance with international standards by providing a platform for activities in the field of corporate social responsibility. Digital platforms provide mechanisms for measuring and disclosing corporate social responsibility and sustainability. This study provides new information and new measures of his CSR performance in three main dimensions: economic, social and environmental value creation. This study develops a digital platform to measure and disclose CSR performance in applied research in the Egyptian healthcare industry.The results of this study demonstrate that using digital platforms as measurement and disclosure systems is worthwhile and valuable. The results of the applied study demonstrate the effectiveness of the system in measuring strategic sustainability performance dimensions. This research provides a wealth of information for all users of financial reports and addresses stakeholder needs for more information on the measurement and disclosure of corporate social responsibility performance. This research has practical implications for companies using this system as a measurement tool to measure strategic sustainability performance. This research has implications not only for the concept of strategic sustainable performance of companies, but also for the concept of corporate social responsibility.
Management
Mohsen Tabadar; Gholamreza Jamali; Hojat Parsa; Moslem Alimohammadloo
Abstract
The producer can warehouse the perishable items and reuse them in the production line by creating an appropriate cooperation relationship and sharing information related to demand and stocks in order to provide the field to save money, reduce the environmental population, and use natural resources less. ...
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The producer can warehouse the perishable items and reuse them in the production line by creating an appropriate cooperation relationship and sharing information related to demand and stocks in order to provide the field to save money, reduce the environmental population, and use natural resources less. Therefore, it is also necessary to use the concept of the supply chain of perishable items in the supply chain. In this study a new approach will be provided to develop the agility of the supply chain to establish an integrated and agile supply chain to create an informational and operational linking bridge between different sections of the supply chain. Hence, a multi-objective mathematical model will be presented considering the maximization of the level of agility, the minimization of the perishing of goods, minimization of the time of distributing goods by systemizing the retail distribution system and since the agile supply chain model is considered as difficult problems, Epsilon- Constraint method and Benders Exact Solution method will be used to develop this research. Benders method is a decomposition algorithm that creates smaller sections of agility in solving the model by decomposing the mathematical model. First, the model is evaluated, and a problem is designed to assess the performance of the proposed model, and it is solved by using GAMS and CPLEX solver. Then the validity of the provided model is analyzed by the approach of the meta-heuristic algorithm Moka.
Accounting
Amos I Ganyam; Terungwa Azende; Luper Iorpev
Abstract
The primary focus of this study was to determine the effect of audit client importance on earnings management of Nigerian quoted consumer goods firms. The descriptive research design approach was adopted. From 2012 to 2019, data were obtained from 13 consumer goods firms quoted on the Nigerian Exchange ...
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The primary focus of this study was to determine the effect of audit client importance on earnings management of Nigerian quoted consumer goods firms. The descriptive research design approach was adopted. From 2012 to 2019, data were obtained from 13 consumer goods firms quoted on the Nigerian Exchange Group. The discretionary accrual approach was used to evaluate earnings management. Descriptive statistics and random effects regression were the main techniques used to analyse the study’s data. The findings indicated that audit client importance (β=-0.1872) has a negative and significant effect on the earnings management of Nigerian quoted consumer goods firms. The study concluded that earnings management practices of Nigerian quoted consumer goods firms are curtailed when the firms are of important clients to their auditors. The recommendation was that management of firms should enhance approaches that will improve their performance in terms of sales to remain important clients to their auditors.
Economics
Seyed Valiallah Mirhoseyni; Seyed Hosein Izadi; Leila Mohammad Ghader
Abstract
Human capital is supposed to be an important factor in innovation and economic development. However, the long-run influence of human capital on current innovation and economic development is still unclear, in particular in the MENA region. Therefore, the present study is to investigate the long-run influence ...
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Human capital is supposed to be an important factor in innovation and economic development. However, the long-run influence of human capital on current innovation and economic development is still unclear, in particular in the MENA region. Therefore, the present study is to investigate the long-run influence of human capital on innovation and economic growth in MENA countries for the years 2010-2012. The data were collected using the library method from the World Bank database and were analyzed using statistical and econometric methods for panel data. The results obtained from this study showed that human capital had a positive, significant influence on innovation and economic growth in MENA countries. The same influence was observed for the population density in some age groups (more educated people) on the patents in MENA countries.The same influence was observed for the population density in some age groups (more educated people) on the patents in MENA countries.
Accounting
Mahmood Ali Al Wahaibi; Syed Sadullah Hussainy; Afshan Younas Durrani
Abstract
This study sheds novel light on the factors influencing short-term investments made by businesses. It delves into the impact of previously unexplored variables on working capital requirements at both the firm and macroeconomic levels. These variables include equity issuance activity, corporate yields, ...
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This study sheds novel light on the factors influencing short-term investments made by businesses. It delves into the impact of previously unexplored variables on working capital requirements at both the firm and macroeconomic levels. These variables include equity issuance activity, corporate yields, free cash flow, retained earnings, depreciation, government oil revenue, and trade levels. The study employs a pooled Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression model on a panel dataset spanning the years 2000 to 2014. This investigation extends the existing body of knowledge regarding the determinants of corporate short-term investments in the context of a novel emerging market, specifically the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) market. The findings reveal that fluctuations in government oil revenue and trade conditions exert a significant influence on the short-term investments of service businesses in the GCC, with a stronger impact compared to their long-term investments. Considering these findings, GCC economic policymakers could consider implementing targeted interventions to bolster the resilience of service-sector firms. This could include facilitating access to financing channels less susceptible to national economic fluctuations, as well as enacting policies and programs that encourage service firms to diversify their revenue streams through increased export activity and lessened dependence on the domestic market.
Management
Roya Hejazinia
Abstract
Todays, everyone witnesses the influence and expansion of using information technology in delivering various services. Despite the expansion of using the above-mentioned services, there are still some risks to using such services. Thus, identifying such risks and adopting the necessary strategies to ...
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Todays, everyone witnesses the influence and expansion of using information technology in delivering various services. Despite the expansion of using the above-mentioned services, there are still some risks to using such services. Thus, identifying such risks and adopting the necessary strategies to them are highly beneficial. As a result, the present study aimed to identify and rank the risks in the field of electronic service with an emphasis on information and communication technology offices. Thus, the research objective was realized using the mixed research method. In the qualitative phase of the study, the library method and semi-structured interviews were used for identifying the electronic service risk pattern and in the quantitative phase, a researcher-made questionnaire was used as a data collection tool and the fuzzy TOPSIS test was used for ranking the risks identified during the first phase. The results indicated that electronic service risks are divided into four main categories such as organizational factors, operational factors, environmental factors, and technological factors. Among the identified risks, environmental factors have the highest risk, followed by operational factors, organizational factors, and technological factors. Using the results of the study, it can be expected that electronic service providers, managers, and government sectors are expected to focus their efforts on reducing the relevant risks through a proper understanding of the types of risks, considering the significance of each risk and making decisions on planning the services. The result is an increase in the quality of electronic service and customer satisfaction.
Management
Md. Tahidur Rahman; Md. Ariful Haque Chowdhury; Syed Zabid Hossain
Abstract
Robi Axiata Limited (Robi)—a multinational cellphone operator—got the nod for the ever-biggest initial public offering (IPO) from Bangladesh's regulatory body on 14 October 2020. The IPO process ended on 24 December 2020 through its debut on the country's two stock exchanges. Based on both ...
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Robi Axiata Limited (Robi)—a multinational cellphone operator—got the nod for the ever-biggest initial public offering (IPO) from Bangladesh's regulatory body on 14 October 2020. The IPO process ended on 24 December 2020 through its debut on the country's two stock exchanges. Based on both primary and secondary data, this study intends to depict the 23 years strategic journey of Robi till its IPO. Robi's IPO was oversubscribed by 5.75 times compared to its counterpart telecom giant Grameenphone by 3.5 times. Beyond the most common motive of settling the loan, network expansion was the only motive for Robi's IPO. The IPO enabled the company to reduce its corporate tax and create a positive brand image among stakeholders. Before the IPO, rebranding from AKTEL into Robi and its merger with Airtel were two major turning points. The merger contributed significantly to the company's market share and overall performance, which ultimately led the company to raise the largest-ever amount from the capital market through IPO.
Management
Sayed Mousa Khademi; Mahshid Soleimani; Ali Shahnazari; Saeed AbdulManafi
Abstract
The current research has been done to provide a cause-effect model of the factors affecting the fundamental competencies of human resource managers in service start-ups using the Dematel approach. The research method is descriptive-survey with the statistical population of 12 experts, including university ...
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The current research has been done to provide a cause-effect model of the factors affecting the fundamental competencies of human resource managers in service start-ups using the Dematel approach. The research method is descriptive-survey with the statistical population of 12 experts, including university professors in the field of human resources and human resources managers and experts of service start-ups in three systems: Snappp, Tapsi and Maxim. At first, based on the research background, the factors affecting the fundamental competencies of human resource managers in service start-ups were determined, and then the DEMATEL technique was used as an approach to identify the cause-effect relationships. Then, with the method of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), factors were prioritized in three taxi order systems. The results of this research showed that vision, leadership, and information technology have been identified as effective causal factors, and the Education and knowledge management, organizational culture, corporate communication, and rules of the organization have been identified as impressible factors. The results of the hierarchical analysis also showed that information technology has the uppermost priority in the Snapp and Tapsi taxi request system, but in the maxim system, vision and strategy receive the uppermost priority.
Economics
Elnaz Hajebi; Teimour Mohammadi
Abstract
In a world scale economy considering interlinkage and interactions between countries, economic shocks will affect various economies through channels. Meantime, the oil price is one of the most important channels. New studies show that the connection between the oil price and the world economy has numerous ...
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In a world scale economy considering interlinkage and interactions between countries, economic shocks will affect various economies through channels. Meantime, the oil price is one of the most important channels. New studies show that the connection between the oil price and the world economy has numerous complications which could not be incorporated in traditional frames with only taking into consideration separated and identified oil supply and demand shocks without considering synchronicity and the source of the main shocks. Therefore it is essential to model a multi-dimensional system. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of oil price shocks on the major macroeconomic variables of oil-exporting countries from 1974Q1 to 2019Q4 using the global vector autoregressive (GVAR) approach. The macroeconomic variables include four domestic variables, three foreign variables and one global variable. In particular, it provides a theoretical framework for the global oil market to illustrate how multi-country approach to modeling oil markets can be used to identify country-specific oil price shocks. On the empirical side, it shows the global economic implications of oil price shocks vary considerably depending on which country is subject to the shock. The results of this study indicate that the economic consequences of a positive oil price shock are different on macroeconomic variables in oil-exporting countries in short-run and long-run. However, in response to a positive oil price shock, most of OPEC countries experience long-run inflationary pressures.
Management
Rehan sohail Butt; Xuezhou Wen; Rana Yassir Hussain; Sabeeh pervaiz
Abstract
Exerting motivation towards employees in any workplace plays a vital role in securing organizational goals. Various motivational factors were apprised in business literature and came through knowledge. Among them, work environment, job security, job inspiration and happiness at work are critical when ...
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Exerting motivation towards employees in any workplace plays a vital role in securing organizational goals. Various motivational factors were apprised in business literature and came through knowledge. Among them, work environment, job security, job inspiration and happiness at work are critical when dealing with employees’ job satisfaction. To test the retrospective statement in a structural equation modeling, Pakistan's telecommunication sector aimedat 515 respondents answered. These respondents were given closed-ended questionnaires and emerged in longitudinal information (data) with a six-month lag time. Commonly, most of the time researchers are apprehended with biased problems when dealing with longitudinal data, but luckily, a six months gap is enough to avoid such biased mistakes. Toevaluate the validity and reliability of the respect constructs is nevertheless the partial least square (PLS-SEM). Toward the amazement of a reader, the performed work provides a direct relationship of the work environment, job security and job inspiration with happiness at work. In the same fashion, an indirect relationship is observed with employees’ job satisfaction when dealing with the same analysis. To avoid further complications, the study directly provides a solid path for executives to recognize and appreciate the pleasant work environment, job security, and job intensity to maintain a successful business. It is the sole discretion to implement such policies by business experts, directors, and entrepreneurs in their respective organizations to maintain and achieve their goals for both short and long-term purposes.
Management
Mohammad Safari; Tahereh Babazadeh
Abstract
The role and nature of business-to-business (B2B) sales performance has evolved since the end of the 20th century, largely due to technological, organizational, and societal changes. Nevertheless, literature has not yet been able to evolve along with it. The literature lacks research that exclusively ...
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The role and nature of business-to-business (B2B) sales performance has evolved since the end of the 20th century, largely due to technological, organizational, and societal changes. Nevertheless, literature has not yet been able to evolve along with it. The literature lacks research that exclusively shows a framework for determining the critical factors affecting the success of sales performance at the business-to-business (B2B) level. Therefore, this research has been conducted using a mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) to determine the impact of critical factors on the success of business-to-business (B2B) sales performance. At first, the qualitative method of systematic review was used. According to this method, out of 269 articles related to the topic, the results of 40 articles published in reliable databases from 1980 to 2022 have been reviewed and analyzed. Further, interviews were conducted with industry experts in this field, and data analysis was done with the help of SPSS software. The results of the research indicate that success in B2B sales performance may be influenced by 31 effective factors related to four dimensions: individual, organizational, environmental, and customer level. Finally, the limitations of the research and recommendations regarding success in B2B sales performance are provided.
Economics
Mohammad Lashkari; Farahnaz Jahanbakhsh
Abstract
This article examines the effect of the increase in the cost of living on the age of marriage in Iran. Age of marriage, reproductive age and number of children are used as dependent variables and income, unemployment and living expenses are used as independent variables in this article. The required ...
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This article examines the effect of the increase in the cost of living on the age of marriage in Iran. Age of marriage, reproductive age and number of children are used as dependent variables and income, unemployment and living expenses are used as independent variables in this article. The required data was collected from the distribution of 384 questionnaires among single and married men and women. For data analysis, one-sample t-test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test were used. According to the results obtained from the data analysis, with the increase in the cost of living, the age of marriage and reproductive age also increases, and also with the increase in the cost of living, the desire to have more children decreases, and there is a significant relationship between income and the number of children. This is despite the fact that there is no significant relationship between unemployment and marriage age, if unemployment and income and living expenses are dependent on each other, but in the statistical population of this article, unemployment does not explain its effect on marriage age correctly. Also, there is an inverse relationship between the amount of income and the age of marriage.
Management
Saeed Pakdelan; Alireza Azarberahman; Fateme Vahidimehr; Sara Akbari
Abstract
The present study seeks to identify the three factors of emotional intelligence, risk aversion and locus of control over risky investment intentions, with the aim of assisting investors in making decisions that are more rational and examining the role of literacy and possible advice to investors to promote ...
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The present study seeks to identify the three factors of emotional intelligence, risk aversion and locus of control over risky investment intentions, with the aim of assisting investors in making decisions that are more rational and examining the role of literacy and possible advice to investors to promote financial knowledge and understanding. The data were collected through a questionnaire and composed 219 individual investors. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the method of structural equations modelling for direct hypotheses and hierarchical regression for indirect hypotheses were used. The results showed that emotional intelligence has no significant effect on risky investment intentions. In contrast, it was found that risk aversion can have a significant negative impact on risky investment intentions. It was also determined that the locus of control has no effect on risky investment intentions. The structural equations modeling is based on discover complex relationships between variables. Using this method helps to identify hidden relationships between components. Hierarchical regression method can also be useful to find the effects of variables. In this research, these two techniques have been used.
Management
Sadegh Ashegh Hooseini; Mohammad Sadegh Sharifirad; Nahid Amrollahi Biuki
Abstract
Leadership has become an important topic in industrial-organizational psychology, and a popular concept for adult development. Researchers generally believe that one of the factors that lead to leaders harming followers is narcissistic leadership. Narcissistic leaders generally cause emotional damage ...
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Leadership has become an important topic in industrial-organizational psychology, and a popular concept for adult development. Researchers generally believe that one of the factors that lead to leaders harming followers is narcissistic leadership. Narcissistic leaders generally cause emotional damage to their followers with their actions and behavior and silence them by reacting negatively to criticism. In this regard, the current research, using resource conservation theory (COR), attachment theory and narcissism literature, examines how and in what ways narcissistic leaders suppress followers' voice behavior and when this effect can be reduced. Accordingly, this study develops a moderated mediation model where surface acting and emotional exhaustion mediates the relationship between narcissistic leadership and follower's voice behavior and the two attachment styles of anxious and avoidant moderate the relationship between narcissistic leadership and surface acting. The results largely support the hypotheses of this research based on the data collected from 305 students studying at Iranian public universities. Particularly, narcissistic leadership directly impacts follower's voice via surface acting and emotional exhaustion. Lastly, the narcissistic leadership and follower's voice connections are favorably moderated by avoidance attachment style. Today, organizations need constructive ideas and opinions from their members for individual and group growth. In order to prevent the waste of emotional resources and silencing the voice of employees, organizations should consider a suitable approach for the growth and development of a culture of criticism and questioning, as well as better communication with followers.
Economics
Md Ekram Hossain; Huang Dechun; Changzheng Zhang; Mohammad Ali
Abstract
This paper examines the intensity of trade between Bangladesh and China along with analyzing sector level comparative advantage of 16 export sectors of Bangladesh and China in bilateral trade. The Trade Intensity and Balassa Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) indices of the 20 export sectors of Bangladesh ...
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This paper examines the intensity of trade between Bangladesh and China along with analyzing sector level comparative advantage of 16 export sectors of Bangladesh and China in bilateral trade. The Trade Intensity and Balassa Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) indices of the 20 export sectors of Bangladesh and China are examined from 1995 to 2019 to achieve the research objectives. Bangladesh's trade strength with China shows that the country has a lot of space to expand its trade with China. The revealed comparative advantage analysis of 20 exports sector of Bangladesh and China exhibits that among those 20 sectors, Bangladesh reveals high comparative advantage over 5 sectors, moderate over 4 sectors, and comparative disadvantage over 11sectors of its export to China. Moreover, China reveals moderate comparative advantage over 8 sectors and comparative disadvantage over 12 sectors of its export to Bangladesh. Based on the empirical analysis and the literature, recommendations are addressed to improve the export sectors of Bangladesh.
