ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Leadership and Motivation on Employees Satisfaction: Evidence from Mirpur Division AJ & K in Restaurant Sector
Governance mechanism has received high attention in previous year and has been a developing for research. This is mainly because of failure of number of firms in different regions. Good governance mechanisms are considered important in aspect of motivation, leadership and independent audit committee to increase the performance with the satisfaction of customers. These factors effect differently in developing and developed countries due to cultural, economic, social issues. The main objective of our research is to understand and determine the effect of governance mechanism on customer satisfaction in Mirpur division AJ&K. Despite the significance of our subject matter no prior research has focus on governance mechanisms in Mirpur division AJ & K. To accomplish the research objectives a quantities method (question was adopted). The questionnaire survey was used to seek the response of governance mechanism in aspect of motivation, leadership and independent audit committee from top level management and response of satisfaction received from customers. The data were analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) to obtain quantities measure we use Pearson correlation, Mean, Standard deviation and regression. The finding of results shows that the customer satisfaction has positive relationship with motivation, leadership and independent audit committee. This study’s findings will also be beneficial to firms; government and policy maker as their political, social and economic environment are same.
https://www.ijmae.com/article_114307_353277c491c7a5519ced04f8c46b31fb.pdf
2020-08-01
435
447
Motivation
leadership style
Employees Satisfaction
Haroon
Shakil
haroonshakil1@gmail.com
1
Green Hills College, Rawalakot, Pakistan
LEAD_AUTHOR
Bass, B. M., & Stogdill, R. M. (1990). Handbook of leadership (Vol. 11). New York: Free Press.
1
Bhatti, N., Maitlo, G. M., Shaikh, N., Hashmi, M. A., & Shaikh, F. M. (2012). The impact of autocratic and democratic leadership style on job satisfaction. International Business Research, 5(2), p192.
2
Chang, C.C. (2011). Evaluating the quality of airport service using the fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making method: a case study of Taiwanese airports. The Journal of Knowledge Engineering, 01, 1-15.
3
Danish, R. Q., & Usman, A. (2010). Impact of reward and recognition on job satisfaction and motivation: An empirical study from Pakistan. International journal of business and management, 5(2), p159.
4
Dessler, G. (2001). Management leading people in organizations in the 21stcentury (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall
5
Donaldson, L & Davis, JH 1991, ‘Stewardship theory or agency theory: CEO governance and shareholder returns’, Australian journal of management, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 49–64.
6
Enz, C. A., Canina, L. & Walsh, K. (2006). Intellectual capital: A key driver of hotel performance. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quartely, 6(10), 4-18.
7
Frank, B., & Enkawa, T., (2007). How Economic Growth Affects Customer Satisfaction: A Study from Germany. Asia Pacific Management Conference, 115-120.
8
Gilbert, G. R., & Veloutsou, C. (2006). A Cross-Industry Comparison of Customer Satisfaction. Journal of Services Marketing, 20(5), 298–308.
9
Gittell, J. H., Nordenflycht, A., & Kochan, T. A. (2004). Mutual Gains or Zero Sum? Labor Relations and Firm Performance in the Airline Industry. Industrial & Labor Relations Review, 57(2): 163-180.
10
Kundu, S. C. & Vora, J. A. (2004). Creating a talented workforce for delivering service quality. HR journal Resources Planning, 27(2), 40-51.
11
McLean, J. (2005, October/November). Management and leadership dispelling the myths. The British Journal of Administrative Management, 16.
12
McManus, K. (2005) Ask and learn. Industrial Engineer, IE, 37(1), 18-18.
13
Northouse, P. G. (2001). Leadership: Theory and practice (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
14
Saleem, R., Mahmood, A., & Mahmood, A. (2010). Effect of work motivation on job satisfaction in mobile telecommunication service organizations of Pakistan. International journal of business and management, 5(11), p213.
15
Sinclair, R.R., Tucker, J.S., Cullen, J.C., & Wright, C. (2005). Performance differences among four organizational commitment profiles. Journal of Applied Psychology 90 (6), pp.1280-1287.
16
Su, X. (2014, January). Analysis on the measures to improve compensation management in SMEs in China. In 2014 International Conference on Global Economy, Commerce and Service Science (GECSS-14). Atlantis Press.
17
Vora, Manu K. (2004). Creating employee value in a global economy through participation, motivation, and development. Total Quality Management and Business Excellence, 15(5/6), 793-806.
18
Warrick, D. D. (1981). Leadership styles and their consequences. Journal of Experiential Learning and Simulation, 3(4), 155-172.
19
Yang, Z. & Peterson, R.T. (2004). Customer Perceived Value, Satisfaction, and Loyalty: The Role of Switching Costs. Psychology & Marketing, 21(10).799–822
20
Yukl, G. (2006). Leadership in organizations (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Education
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Impact of Internet Searching Pattern on Online Shopping Behavior: An Empirical Study on Dhaka City
The key purpose of this research is to determine if there are some connections between the trend of looking for internet goods and the propensity to shop online. This research further shows the association of demographic factors and online purchasing behavior among online customers. It is found from the review of the extensive literature that there have been conflicting opinions on the factors determining e-shopping behavior. A survey on the young adults was performed within Dhaka City. Descriptive statistics like cross-tabulation and independent chi-square tests of significance have been conducted to describe the survey findings. Finally, the researchers concluded that the search and comparison of products has a significant relationship with the positive tendency of the shopper to purchase the product online. Demographic factors like age, gender, and private transport facilities have significant associations among types of product searches, reasons for searching, and online searching platform. Household income also significantly associated with internet expenditure and frequency of product searching. The pattern of Internet use has a significant association with the frequency of online product searches but does not significantly associate it with successful online product purchases. Reasons for product searching, discouraging factors for online purchases, and other demographic factors have a duplex impact on successful online purchases of products.
https://www.ijmae.com/article_114308_33d89ae5f7021a3f147db3a2b0927bd3.pdf
2020-08-01
448
459
E-Shopping
Online Searching
online shopping behavior
Internet Marketing
Helaluddin
Ahmed
hua.sujan@gmail.com
1
Senior Lecturer, Department of Business Administration, World University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
LEAD_AUTHOR
Aruna
Anwar
aruna.anwar@hotmail.com
2
Lecturer, Southeast Business School, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
AUTHOR
Ahn, T., Ryu, S., & Han, I. (2004). The impact of the online and offline features on the user acceptance of internet shopping malls. Electronic Commerce Research and Application, 3, 405-420.
1
Anderson, W., Chatterjee, L., & Lakshmanan, T. (2003). E-commerce, transportation, and economic geography. Growth Change, 34(4), 415-432.
2
Bhatnagar, A., Misra, S., & Rao, R. (2000). On risk, convenience and internet shopping behavior‟, Association for Computing Machinery. Communication of the ACM, 43(ii), 98.
3
Brown, M., Pope, N., & Voges, K. (2003). Buying or browsing?: An exploration of shopping orientations and online purchase intention. European Journal of Marketing, 37(11/12), 1666-84.
4
Chen, S., & Chang, T. (2003). A descriptive model of online shopping process: some empirical results. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 14(5), 556-69.
5
Demangeot, C., & Broderick, A. (2007). Conceptualizing consumer behavior in online shopping environments. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 35(11), 878-94.
6
Ding, Y., & Lu, H. (2017). The interactions between online shopping and personal activity travel behavior: an analysis with a GPS-based activity travel diary. Transportation, 44(2), 311-324.
7
Farag, S., Krizek, K., & Dijst, M. (2006). E-shopping and its relationship with in-store shopping: empirical evidence from the Netherlands and the USA. Transport Rev, 26(1), 43-61.
8
Gehrt., K. (2012). Emergence of online shopping in India: shopping orientation segments. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 40(10), 742-58.
9
Grewal, D., Iyer, G., & Levy, M. (2002). Internet retailing: Enablers, Limiters and Market consequences. Journal of Business Research, 5743/2002, 1-11.
10
Internet Usage Statistics. (2020, July 20). Retrieved from Internet World Stats: https://www.internetworldstats.com/asia.htm#bd
11
Irawan, M., & Wirza, E. (2015). Understanding the effect of online shopping behavior on shopping travel demand through structural equation modeling. J. Eastern Asia Soc, 614-625.
12
Karim, R. A. (2013). Customer Satisfaction in Online Shopping: a study into the reasons for motivation and inhibitions. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 11(6), 13-20.
13
Lee, R., Sener, I., & Handy, S. (n.d.). Picture of online shoppers: specific focus on Davis, California. Transport. Res. Rec.: J. Transport. Res. Board 2496, 55-63.
14
Maat, K., & Konings, R. (2018). Accessibility or innovation? Store shopping trips versus online shopping. Transport. Res. Record 0361198118794044.
15
Monsuwé, T., Dellaert, B., & Ruyter, K. (2004). What drives consumers to shop online? A literature review. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 15(1), 102-121.
16
Ren, F., & Kwan, M. (2009). The impact of geographic context on e-shopping behavior. Environ. Plan. B: Plan. Des., 36(2), 262-278.
17
Rezaei, S., Amin, M., & Ismail, W. (2014). Online re-patronage intention: an empirical study among Malaysian experienced online shoppers. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 45(5), 390-421.
18
Szymanski, David, M., & Hise, R. T. (2000). E-satisfaction: An initial examination. Journal of retailing, 76(3), 309-322.
19
Zhen, F., Cao, X., & Mokhtarian, P. (2016). Associations between online purchasing and store purchasing for four types of products in Nanjing, China. Transport, 93-101.
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Analysis on the Export Growth of Chinese Aquatic Products in Japanese Market
China is an important aquatic product import and export country. Since China joined WTO in 2001, the import and export volume of China has been increasing continuously, and the fishery economy has achieved rapid development. Based on the United Nations trade statistics data, this paper uses CMS model to analyze the status quo of China’s export of aquatic products to the Japanese market, and further puts forward reasonable Suggestions.
https://www.ijmae.com/article_114309_be8f87abd7cc6b136f3e2c2d729dd3a7.pdf
2020-08-01
460
466
Chinese aquatic products
Japanese market
export growth
Ye
Deng
haileydeng@163.com
1
College of Economics and Management, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
LEAD_AUTHOR
Yuetao
Yao
835179551@qq.com
2
College of Economics and Management, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
AUTHOR
Zilan
Song
1843588742@qq.com
3
College of Economics and Management, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
AUTHOR
Geng Y. Q. (2010). Dynamic Growth of China’s Aquatic Product Exports to Japan: Empirical Analysis based on CMS Model. China Rural Economy, No 7, pp.19-27.
1
Sun C., and Tan, X. Y. (2001). The Impact of WTO entry on China’s Aquatic Product Trade [J]. Agricultural Economics,No 7, pp.48-51.
2
Liu L. F.; Li, D. W.; Zhang, Z. X. and Wu, L. P. (2006). Pattern characteristics and Development Prospect of China’s aquatic Product trade since WTO Entry [J]. Fishery Economy Research, No 6, pp.17-22.
3
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Analysis on the Impact of Trade Barriers on China’s Export Trade in Forestry Products
In the light of continued progress on global trade liberalization, the increasingly serious trade barriers have gradually become obstacles to the free trade of forest products. This paper reviews the authoritative literature, the key forms, features of trade barriers and their effects on China’s export trade and around the world in forestry products, which offers a baseline in the study of the relevant questions in order to systemically counter impacts of trade barriers on the trade of China’s forestry products for it is a vital section of international trade.
https://www.ijmae.com/article_114310_0ed2f218e69595f387ecbb2923eca62f.pdf
2020-08-01
467
481
Trade barriers
China
export trade
forestry products
Ye
Deng
haileydeng@163.com
1
College of Economics and Management, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
LEAD_AUTHOR
Zhifeng
Yu
769600175@qq.com
2
College of Economics and Management, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
AUTHOR
Zhao, W. X. (2020). Economic cycle, market power and trade barriers to China [J]. Journal of guangdong university of finance and economics. 04, pp.20-33.
1
Fu, L.; Qiang, Y. (2018). World Non-tariff barriers situation and China’s strategic choice [J]. Theoretical Exploration, 04, pp. 98-106.
2
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3
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4
Xue, X. (2013). The Predicament and countermeasures of the development of foreign trade of forestry products in China [J]. Economic Review, 02, pp. 109-112.
5
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6
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7
Huang, Y. (2019). Characteristics, influencing factors and Prospects of China’s trade in wood forest products [J]. Foreign Trade Practice, 12, pp35-38.
8
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9
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10
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12
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13
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14
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37
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38
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40
Tang, S. and Song, W. (2013). Empirical research on the impact of technical barriers on the export of Chinese and American wood furniture [J]. Soft science, 27 (08), pp.36-54.
41
Zhang, S. and Wen, K. (2019). The impact of American technical barriers to trade on China’s exports and on the essence of Sino-Us trade frictions [J]. International Economic Cooperation, 04, pp. 82-94.
42
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44
Hou, F. and Zhuang, J. Q. (2015). Analysis on the impact of EU timber Act on Chinese wood furniture export to the EU [J]. Journal of Xi’an university of finance and economics, 28 (04), pp.99-105.
45
Yin, Z. H, Song, W. M. Zhang, Y. (2011). Strategies of Chinese forestry industry to cope with international trade barriers [J]. World forestry research, 24 (06), pp.55-60.
46
Duan, Y. F. and Liu, J. L (2011). Analysis on the influence of EU timber act on Chinese export-oriented forestry enterprises [J]. China Soft Science, 02, pp. 222-228.
47
Zeng, W.; Li, L. M. and Zeng, Y. C. (2017). The influence of the requirement of timber legality trade on the trade of wood forest products in China -- based on the analysis of the new timber act of the European Union [J]. Forestry economics, 37 (02), pp.70-74.
48
Lin, Z.; Zheng Y. and Liu, Y. (2015). The impact of the Amendment of Lacey Act on the export of Chinese wood products to the United States [J]. Forestry economic issues, 35 (06), pp.515-520.
49
Cheng, B. D. Li, L. C (2016). Legal guarantee system of illegal logging and transnational timber and related trade: progress, challenges and countermeasures [J]. International Trade, 07, pp.38-42.
50
Luo, X. J.; Sun, C. Y. and Jiang, H. F. (2015). International trade after intervention: the case of bedroom furniture [J]. Forest Policy and Economics, 50, pp.180-191.
51
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52
Wan, Y. S.; Chang, Y. and Grebner, D. L. (2010). Intervention analysis of the antidumping investigation on wooden bedroom furniture imports from China [J]. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 40 (7), pp.1434-1447.
53
Ren, Y. and Hou, F. M. (2015). Analysis of non-tariff trade barriers and their impact on Chinese plywood export to the United States [J]. World forestry research, 28 (01), pp.67-72.
54
Yang, H. Q.; Nie, Y. and Fu, C. L. (2008). Research on the impact of anti-dumping measures on Chinese wood forest products by the United States: 1995-2006 empirical Data [J]. Agricultural Economics, 2, pp.49-53.
55