Economics
Mohammad Lashkari; Farahnaz Jahanbakhsh
Abstract
This article examines the effect of the increase in the cost of living on the age of marriage in Iran. Age of marriage, reproductive age and number of children are used as dependent variables and income, unemployment and living expenses are used as independent variables in this article. The required ...
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This article examines the effect of the increase in the cost of living on the age of marriage in Iran. Age of marriage, reproductive age and number of children are used as dependent variables and income, unemployment and living expenses are used as independent variables in this article. The required data was collected from the distribution of 384 questionnaires among single and married men and women. For data analysis, one-sample t-test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test were used. According to the results obtained from the data analysis, with the increase in the cost of living, the age of marriage and reproductive age also increases, and also with the increase in the cost of living, the desire to have more children decreases, and there is a significant relationship between income and the number of children. This is despite the fact that there is no significant relationship between unemployment and marriage age, if unemployment and income and living expenses are dependent on each other, but in the statistical population of this article, unemployment does not explain its effect on marriage age correctly. Also, there is an inverse relationship between the amount of income and the age of marriage.
Economics
Ade Herawan; Agnes Quartina Pudjiastuti; Nur Ida Iriani
Abstract
People of Pasuruan Regency seize market opportunities for fishery commodities by conducting fish pemindangan (processing) businesses. The study aims to analyze factors that affect income of the fish pindang business in Mlaten and Kedawang Village, Pasuruan Regency. The research respondents were all fish ...
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People of Pasuruan Regency seize market opportunities for fishery commodities by conducting fish pemindangan (processing) businesses. The study aims to analyze factors that affect income of the fish pindang business in Mlaten and Kedawang Village, Pasuruan Regency. The research respondents were all fish processing business actors, totaling 24 business actors in Mlaten Village and 26 business actors in Kedawang Village. Data collected through interviews with respondents, and analyzed with multiple linear regression models. The results showed that income of the business in Mlaten Village was simultaneously influenced by price of raw materials, business experience, number of workers, education, processing facilities, firewood, and amount of salt. Partially, the income was significantly influenced by business experience, number of workers, and processing facilities. In Kedawang Village, simultaneously, all of these variables also have a significant effect on the income. But partially, business experience, processing facilities, and the amount of salt have a significant effect on the income. Most dominant factor is processing facilities.
Economics
Retno Furi Sekarsari; Agnes Quartina Pudjiastuti; Cakti Indra Gunawan
Abstract
Livestock businesses have various risks of death that can occur due to accidents, natural disasters, and disease outbreaks. To anticipate the risks that occur, the government seeks to help farmers through agricultural insurance, including the cattle and buffalo business insurance program (AUTSK= Asuransi ...
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Livestock businesses have various risks of death that can occur due to accidents, natural disasters, and disease outbreaks. To anticipate the risks that occur, the government seeks to help farmers through agricultural insurance, including the cattle and buffalo business insurance program (AUTSK= Asuransi Usaha ternak Sapi/Kerbau). This study aims to analyze the implementation of the AUTSK program and the factors that affect the income of dairy farmers. The research was conducted in Ngajum District, Malang Regency with the consideration that this area is a center for dairy cows. Data were collected from 40 dairy farmers obtained by simple random sampling. Furthermore, the data was edited and compiled, and then analyzed using the multiple linear analysis method (which was transformed from Cobb Douglas function). The results showed that implementation of the AUTSK program in Malang Regency tended to be less attractive to farmers because the fulfillment of claims was not timely (the period of disbursement of funds was too long). Farmer education, livestock ownership and the cost of concentrate feed have a significant effect on the income of dairy farmers. Government needs to re-evaluate implementation of livestock insurance so that farmers can continue their business. Limitation of this study is difficulty of separating cost of production facilities for each cow, so that the expenditure for lactating cows is also difficult to calculate correctly.
Shivneil Raj; Mohammed Riaz Azam
Volume 7, Issue 6 , June 2020, , Pages 363-369
Abstract
An uncollected tax is a debt to the state. In Fiji, individuals’ pay income tax if they earn more than FJD$30,000 under the Income Tax Act 2015 (ITA). Thus, the purpose of this paper is to critically evaluate the stand of debt forgiveness by the lender to the borrower in the Fiji Income Tax Act ...
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An uncollected tax is a debt to the state. In Fiji, individuals’ pay income tax if they earn more than FJD$30,000 under the Income Tax Act 2015 (ITA). Thus, the purpose of this paper is to critically evaluate the stand of debt forgiveness by the lender to the borrower in the Fiji Income Tax Act 2015. Furthermore, the paper has discussed the Islamic viewpoint of debt that is forgiven. The findings indicated that Fiji looks upon the forgiven debts as income in the hand of the borrower and thus is taxed whereas the Islamic view is that such taxes should not be imposed taking into account the verse of the Quran (2:280).
Dwi Rachmat Anung Wibowo; Agnes Quartina Pudjiastuti; Cakti Indra Gunawan
Volume 7, Issue 2 , February 2020, , Pages 113-122
Abstract
Smallholder dairy farms in Indonesia are still traditional in nature, where breeding management is simple and productivity is low, so that income is also small. This study aims to analyze the determinants of dairy cow business income. Population in this study were all of the dairy farmers from 3 (three) ...
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Smallholder dairy farms in Indonesia are still traditional in nature, where breeding management is simple and productivity is low, so that income is also small. This study aims to analyze the determinants of dairy cow business income. Population in this study were all of the dairy farmers from 3 (three) villages in Ngantang District. Sample was determined using a simple random sampling of 100 dairy farmers. Data analysis method used is multiple linear regression. The results showed that factors that had a significant effect on income of dairy business in Ngantang District, Malang Regency were breeding management, number of livestock, experience of raising livestock and medicine / vaccine costs.
Carlos Kusnindar; Agnes Quartina Pudjiastuti; D Dyanasari
Volume 6, Issue 9 , September 2019, , Pages 686-695
Abstract
Beef cattle business in Indonesia is traditional and small-scale so that its productivity is relatively low. Solutions by government include improving reproductive performance through Special Efforts for Obligatory Bovine Cattle (Upsus Siwab = upaya khusus sapi indukan wajib bunting). The aims of study ...
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Beef cattle business in Indonesia is traditional and small-scale so that its productivity is relatively low. Solutions by government include improving reproductive performance through Special Efforts for Obligatory Bovine Cattle (Upsus Siwab = upaya khusus sapi indukan wajib bunting). The aims of study were to analyze income factors for beef cattle farmers in program participants in Malang Regency. This study was conducted in nine districts (Donomulyo, Kalipare, Pagak, Bantur, Gedangan, Poncokusumo, Wajak, Turen and Singosari) by selecting ten respondents for each district. Data were analyzed using multiple regression models. Research results showed that Upsus Siwab program had an impact on beef cattle productivity with an increase in quantity of beef cattle produced by artificial insemination in 2017 by 1.21%. This program also had an impact on increasing farmers’ income in program participants, amounting to IDR 206,300 per year. Determining factors for farmers’ income were livestock ownership, medicines cost, and reproduction cost.
Pina Ekalypta; Agnes Quartina Pudjiastuti; Amir Hamzah
Volume 5, Issue 8 , August 2018, , Pages 658-667
Abstract
The use of bamboo is growing as raw material for various industrial purposes so categorized as the main support of the village community economy. This study aims to analyze: 1) mechanism of bamboo supply chain of bamboo, 2) value added of bamboo supply chain actors, 3) factors that influence the income ...
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The use of bamboo is growing as raw material for various industrial purposes so categorized as the main support of the village community economy. This study aims to analyze: 1) mechanism of bamboo supply chain of bamboo, 2) value added of bamboo supply chain actors, 3) factors that influence the income of stick business. The population were bamboo farmers and stick entrepreneurs in Dalisodo Village respectively 83 and 78 person. Samples were determined using simple random sampling method of 36 bamboo farmers and 35 stick entrepreneurs. Data collected were analyzed descriptively quantitatively for bamboo farm and stick business income, and multiple linear regression to analyze the determinants of stick business income. The results show that the bamboo business income is IDR 343,450 per 900 kg of wet bamboo while the added value obtained by stick businessmen is IDR 962,400 per 300 kg. Age, business experience, raw materials and labor had a significant effect on stick business income.
Sri Asih; Agnes Quartina Pudjiastuti; Kgs. Ahmadi
Volume 5, Issue 8 , August 2018, , Pages 668-677
Abstract
Porang is an under utilized plant which is a source of glucomannan which is widely used in medicine industry, food and beverage, cosmetics, adhesive/glue and others. The demand for dry chips or chips for export in one year reaches 10,000 tons, while Indonesia can only meet about 4,000 tons, so it still ...
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Porang is an under utilized plant which is a source of glucomannan which is widely used in medicine industry, food and beverage, cosmetics, adhesive/glue and others. The demand for dry chips or chips for export in one year reaches 10,000 tons, while Indonesia can only meet about 4,000 tons, so it still lacks about 6,000 tons. The purpose of this study was to analyze the determinants of income of porang farm on community forest land. The population in this study was the porang farmers in the community forest area of Pandansari Village, Ngantang District, which is 93 people. The sample in this study amounted to 40 farmers determined using Simple Random Sampling method. The method of analysis used is descriptive quantitative and multiple linear regression. The result of the research shows that the income of porang farming is IDR. 48,271,125/ha/year. The determinants of the income of porang farming are the number of family members, the area of arable land and the labor cost.
Oyeniran Ishola Wasiu; Babatunde Kazeem Alasinrin
Volume 2, Issue 8 , August 2015, , Pages 858-871
Abstract
This study investigates the presence of environmental Kuznets curve (non-linear relationship between pollution and the per capita income) in Nigeria, Ghana, Cote d’Ivoire, Mali and Senegal and Gabon. In the study, pollution is regressed on per capita income, squared per capita income, trade intensity, ...
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This study investigates the presence of environmental Kuznets curve (non-linear relationship between pollution and the per capita income) in Nigeria, Ghana, Cote d’Ivoire, Mali and Senegal and Gabon. In the study, pollution is regressed on per capita income, squared per capita income, trade intensity, foreign direct investment and population density price. Panel estimation technique and ordinary least square were used to obtain required estimates for all selected countries and individual economies. The study established the presence of environmental Kuznets curve for these countries at group and individual level. It also revealed that the value of turning point in pollution level corresponding to per capita income is varying among countries. From the result, the threshold GDP per capita (constant 2005 US$) is approximately $758 for Nigeria, $7060 for Gabon, $585 for Ghana, $1014 for Cote d’Ivoire, $390 for Mali and $675 for Senegal. The declining trend of pollution with regards per capita income could be attributed to introduction of environmental friendly products, structural changes in the industrial sector of these countries that involve more output per primary resources.
Muhammad Amjed Iqbal; Qing Ping; Umar Ijaz Ahmed; Adnan Nazir
Volume 2, Issue 7 , July 2015, , Pages 707-718
Abstract
The study was conducted to determine the aspect affecting the farmer in taking part in off-farm activities in three cotton growing districts of Punjab province, Pakistan. Since off-farm activities have become an imperative part of income strategies among rural families in developing countries like Pakistan. ...
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The study was conducted to determine the aspect affecting the farmer in taking part in off-farm activities in three cotton growing districts of Punjab province, Pakistan. Since off-farm activities have become an imperative part of income strategies among rural families in developing countries like Pakistan. The data was documented from a total of 180 cotton farmers using multistage cluster sampling technique. A binary logistic model was used to evaluate the determinants motivating the farmers to participate in different off-farm activities. Various socio-economic factors were found significantly associated with probability of immersion in non-farm activities. The results of the model reveal different factors like total farming area and farmers having access to road were significant for several business activities through odds ratio 1.051 and 0.088 respectively. Though more experienced farmers with odds ratio (1.063) had more likelihood for labour activities. Lastly more educated farmers and large family size have higher probability to go for services type of off-farm activities and their odds ratio estimated is 1.297, 2.069. These findings have essential implications for policy, economic growth and development.
Monireh Dizaji; Arash Ketabforoush Badri
Volume 1, Issue 1 , August 2014, , Pages 1-14
Abstract
This paper investigates the relationship between trade and regional income inequalities in the period 2001-2010 using panel data for 18 selected developing countries. The results show that trade has a significant and negative effect on regional income inequalities, so that an increase of 1 percent of ...
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This paper investigates the relationship between trade and regional income inequalities in the period 2001-2010 using panel data for 18 selected developing countries. The results show that trade has a significant and negative effect on regional income inequalities, so that an increase of 1 percent of its value, regional income inequalities 0.09 percent decrease. Also, GDP per capita has a negative impact on regional income inequalities in studied countries. However, the population and agriculture value added have a positiveeffect on regional income inequalities. It can be said that a 1 percent increase in the variables, respectively, regional income inequalities 0.16 and 0.21 increased.
