Management
Ojiaku Obinna Christian; Chidebe Edwin Egwuatu; Ireneus Chukwudi Nwaizugbo
Abstract
Human activities are causing great damage to the climate and the consequences are projected to be dire in the future. Tourism alone contributes about 8% to greenhouse emissions necessitating the call for sustainable tourism as a way to promote environmental conservation. This study examines the effect ...
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Human activities are causing great damage to the climate and the consequences are projected to be dire in the future. Tourism alone contributes about 8% to greenhouse emissions necessitating the call for sustainable tourism as a way to promote environmental conservation. This study examines the effect of environmental values on ecotourism visit intentions. The specific objectives were to ascertain the effects of biospheric, altruistic and egoistic values on ecotourism visit intention. Three hypotheses were stated and data was collected from 196 intending tourists out of which 163 were returned valid and used for the analysis. The data were collected through social media and the hypotheses were tested using multiple regression analysis via SPSS version 22 and descriptive statistics used to describe respondents’ demographics. The result showed that biospheric and altruistic values both have a positive and significant effect on ecotourism visit intention. While egoistic values negatively predict ecotourism visit intentions. Based on the findings, this study recommends that tourist destination marketers should strongly communicate the environmental benefits of travel and tourism on ecotourism destinations.
Amna Rasheed; Farzana Kousar; Aiza Shabbir
Volume 6, Issue 10 , October 2019, , Pages 731-751
Abstract
This study examined the impact of financial development, tourism, population density and political stability on environmental degradation in Pakistan over the time 1986-2017. Data of these variables is taken from World Development Indicator (WDI), World Tourism Organization (WTO), International country ...
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This study examined the impact of financial development, tourism, population density and political stability on environmental degradation in Pakistan over the time 1986-2017. Data of these variables is taken from World Development Indicator (WDI), World Tourism Organization (WTO), International country risk guide (ICRG) database and federal bureau of Statistics of Pakistan. To investigate the findings, three separate models are constructed by using three different indicators of financial development. Firstly, Co-Integration among variables is confirmed through Bound test of Co-Integration. The result of this test reveals that co-integration among all the variables exists in the long run. Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique is used to examine short run and long run estimates. Findings of the study concluded that in all the models financial development has considerable positive relationship with CO2 related pollution in the long run while in the short run results depend on which dimension of financial development is used. As, M2 has significantly negative impact on environmental degradation whereas, Population density has negatively significant role in explaining carbon dioxide emissions in the long run but it is positive and inconsequential in the short run. Tourism has negative and significant effect on environmental deterioration in case of Political stability has statistically significant and inverse relationship with CO2 emissions both in short and long run. These outcomes may also become fruitful for Government regarding decision making. The result recommends that Government should try to focus on financial development, tourism sector and political stability more keenly. Government should impose some restrictions on financial sector as, loans and finance should only be given for productive and environment friendly projects. Taxes should be imposed on most visited tourist’ places. Awareness among people regarding depreciation of environment should be promoted by different activities or programs conducted by Government.
Asif Javed
Volume 6, Issue 10 , October 2019, , Pages 752-760
Abstract
Services trade has gained significance in the globalized world as the volume and its impacts on growth have increased. South Asian countries are also engaging in exports of services which are vital for their respective economies. However, the regional integration is yet to be promoted as hurdles including ...
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Services trade has gained significance in the globalized world as the volume and its impacts on growth have increased. South Asian countries are also engaging in exports of services which are vital for their respective economies. However, the regional integration is yet to be promoted as hurdles including high transportation costs, lack of cross border infrastructure and lack of regional transit existed. For services trade integration, effective utilization of regional platform, easing in movement of professionals and minimizing the investment barriers can be useful measures. South Asian economies have prospects of integration in specific sectors such as tourism and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) which can be used to enhance regional services trade ties.
Saeed Karimi Petanlar; Saeed Rasekhi; Somayeh Ebrahimzadeh
Volume 3, Issue 9 , September 2016, , Pages 459-472
Abstract
The purpose of the present research is to study the effect of foreign direct investment on employment in tourism. In this regard, the effect of foreign direct investment as well as gross domestic production (GDP), tax rate, and globalization index as explanatory variables are studied on tourism employment ...
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The purpose of the present research is to study the effect of foreign direct investment on employment in tourism. In this regard, the effect of foreign direct investment as well as gross domestic production (GDP), tax rate, and globalization index as explanatory variables are studied on tourism employment as dependent variable using panel data econometrics through statistical data of 48 selected countries including Iran within 2009-2013. The results indicate that foreign direct investment negatively influences employment in tourism among the selected countries. Regarding tourism as a user sector and since foreign direct investment is associated with technology transfer and as many labor services may not be substituted by technology, attracting foreign investment is less than other sectors. Therefore, the professions are created by foreign investment in more attracting industries. Thus, it concluded that foreign direct investment attracts tourism sector workforce and reduces employment through creating professions in other economic sectors. It can be stated that this significant effect is maintained. Moreover, the effect of GDP and tax rate is positive; whereas, the globalization index variable is negative, which is consistent with the experimental results of previous studies.
Ali Seifzadeh; Shahrbanu Karimi Barmi
Volume 2, Issue 1 , January 2015, , Pages 101-110
Abstract
The current research investigates the role of free zones in the development of tourism. For this reason, it firstly studies the tourism status in the World, Iran and the Kish Island, illustrates the history, goals and functions of the free zones and investigates the pros and cons of free zones in the ...
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The current research investigates the role of free zones in the development of tourism. For this reason, it firstly studies the tourism status in the World, Iran and the Kish Island, illustrates the history, goals and functions of the free zones and investigates the pros and cons of free zones in the development of tourism. A documentary and library research method was used to conduct this survey. The results implied that free zones, particularly Kish, can attract tourists to satisfy the economic goals as it has mentioned in the Law of Free Zones and the National Economic, Social and Cultural Plan. Each of these zones has unique characteristics which are suitable for the achievement of these goals. Establishment of international exhibitions, sport stadiums, theater halls, modern cinemas, equipped hotels, shopping malls, and hospitals and health centers can be considered by the managers in this island.