Waqar Ahmad; Aqsa Bibi; Aqsa Bibi
Volume 4, Issue 12 , December 2017, , Pages 1176-1191
Abstract
Innovation is coming from new Knowledge, and new Technology. The author select these two countries because Canada has a very strong innovative economy, while Pakistan is not so strong. The study concludes that foreign direct investment, R&D, and High-tech exports have a positive impact on economic ...
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Innovation is coming from new Knowledge, and new Technology. The author select these two countries because Canada has a very strong innovative economy, while Pakistan is not so strong. The study concludes that foreign direct investment, R&D, and High-tech exports have a positive impact on economic growth, and the results show a significant positive impact on GDP, in the case of Canada. While in Pakistan this influence is not significant due to some internal problems that Pakistan faces like a low rate of domestic investment, political instability, less investment in higher education. Therefore, the comparison can be useful in adapting Canada’s innovation policy for Pakistan.
Waqar Ahmad; Z Zahoor; Aqsa Bibi; Mehnaz Begum; Maryam Bibi
Volume 4, Issue 12 , December 2017, , Pages 1206-1218
Abstract
The role of university education, a central part of most development strategies, has become controversial because expansion of PhD’s by the Higher Education Commissions (HEC) attainment has guaranteed improved economic conditions. HEC promoted the higher education by providing different indigenous ...
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The role of university education, a central part of most development strategies, has become controversial because expansion of PhD’s by the Higher Education Commissions (HEC) attainment has guaranteed improved economic conditions. HEC promoted the higher education by providing different indigenous and international scholarships, which ultimately improved the standard of living of the students and attainment of well reputed jobs in different institutions of Pakistan, leads to alleviate the poverty relatively. This paper reviews the role of education in promoting economic well-being focusing on the role of educational quality. Much evidence from developing countries suggests that education has strong influence in reducing poverty. The main purpose of this study was to examine the effects of some of the key macroeconomic variables on Pakistan’s economic growth during 1980-2007 taking four different education levels including students enrollment at the university level as a ratio to total employed labour force. It concludes that there is strong evidence that the cognitive skills of the population-rather than mere school attainment-are powerfully related to individual earnings, to the distribution of income, and to economic growth. University education does not play a significant role in poverty alleviation. The magnitude of change needed makes it clear that closing the economic gap with industrial countries will require major structural changes in schooling institutions.
Waqar Ahmad; Doan Phuong Dung; Mono Heang; Aqsa Bibi
Volume 4, Issue 9 , September 2017, , Pages 980-988
Abstract
In this paper we study about the cross countries comparison of Luxembourg, Germany and India on the basis of five variables , I.e. GDP per Capita, GDP growth rate, Scientific and technical Journals, R & D spending , patent Applications for the years 2000 to 2009. It is necessary that ...
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In this paper we study about the cross countries comparison of Luxembourg, Germany and India on the basis of five variables , I.e. GDP per Capita, GDP growth rate, Scientific and technical Journals, R & D spending , patent Applications for the years 2000 to 2009. It is necessary that Luxembourg should do innovation (in the field of finance and Steel) to maintain its strength in the future. Germany should give focus on innovation as innovation and growth rate shows positive relationship in the country. On the other hand India should increase its R & D spending as that will further improve its GDP growth rate. So it is necessary for the countries that first they should identify fields/sectors and then decide about innovation. This paper shows that the GDP per Capita of Luxembourg is better from other two countries because it has a stable and solid growth, Low inflation, low unemployment, a strong financial sector, low tax rate and the most important an increasingly diversified in steel.
